Although jet fires may pose a major hazard in the chemical processing industry, they are typically modeled with semi-empirical models that were developed based on experimental results of natural gas. In most semi-empirical models, it is typically assumed that all liquid is instantly vaporized upon discharge and combusted fully in the jet. In reality, depending on discharge fuel momentum, elevation, temperature, and liquid fuel properties, a significant percentage of liquid fuel may fall to the ground and burn as a pool rather than contribute to the jet fire. As a result, such a model may predict overly conservative results when used to model liquid spray jet fires. In this study, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model previously proved to be able to predict a subcooled liquid jet fire flame shape, length, rain out condition, and thermal radiation level was used to investigate how some key factors affect the percentage of liquid fuel that could combust in jet fire. Results were used to adjust semi-empirical jet fire models to take account of rainout effect. Examples are given for rainout jet fire cases predicted with this revised semi-empirical model.

中文翻译：

---

液体喷射火：降雨对预测危害的影响

尽管喷射火可能对化学加工行业造成重大危害，但它们通常使用基于天然气实验结果开发的半经验模型进行建模。在大多数半经验模型中，通常假设所有液体在排放时立即蒸发并在射流中完全燃烧。实际上，根据排放燃料的动量、海拔、温度和液体燃料特性，很大一部分液体燃料可能会落到地面上并作为水池燃烧，而不是助长喷射火。因此，当用于模拟液体喷射射流火灾时，这种模型可能会预测过于保守的结果。在这项研究中，先前证明计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模型能够预测过冷液体喷射火焰的形状、长度、降雨条件、热辐射水平用于研究一些关键因素如何影响可在喷射火中燃烧的液体燃料的百分比。结果用于调整半经验喷射火模型以考虑降雨效应。给出了使用此修订后的半经验模型预测的雨喷式火灾案例的示例。