A mechanistic understanding of the regulatory circuits that control the effector responses of memory T helper lymphocytes, and in particular their ability to produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines, may lead to effective therapeutic interventions in all immune‐related diseases. Activation of T lymphocytes induces robust immune responses that in most cases lead to the complete eradication of invading pathogens or tumor cells. At the same time, however, such responses must be both highly controlled in magnitude and limited in time to avoid unnecessary damage. To achieve such sophisticated level of control, T lymphocytes have at their disposal an array of transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that ensure the acquisition of a phenotype that is tailored to the incoming stimulus while restraining unwarranted activation, eventually leading to the resolution of the inflammatory response. Here, we will discuss some of these cell‐intrinsic mechanisms that control T cell responses and involve transcription factors, microRNAs, and RNA‐binding proteins. We will also explore how the same mechanisms can be involved both in anti‐tumor responses and in autoimmunity.

中文翻译：

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抑制 T 淋巴细胞炎症反应的细胞内在机制

对控制记忆 T 辅助淋巴细胞效应反应的调节回路的机制理解，特别是它们产生促炎细胞因子的能力，可能会导致对所有免疫相关疾病的有效治疗干预。T 淋巴细胞的激活诱导强烈的免疫反应，在大多数情况下，这会导致入侵病原体或肿瘤细胞的完全根除。然而，与此同时，这种反应必须在幅度上受到高度控制并在时间上受到限制，以避免不必要的损害。为了实现如此复杂的控制水平，T 淋巴细胞拥有一系列转录和转录后调节机制，以确保获得适合传入刺激的表型，同时抑制不必要的激活，最终导致炎症反应的消退。在这里，我们将讨论一些控制 T 细胞反应并涉及转录因子、微小 RNA 和 RNA 结合蛋白的细胞内在机制。我们还将探索相同的机制如何参与抗肿瘤反应和自身免疫。