The Xingu River Basin (XRB), located in the Brazilian Amazon, is of great importance both in national and international contexts, especially regarding hydroelectric generation in the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex and forest conservation policies, given that the XRB is home to important conservation areas, such as the Xingu Indigenous Park. This paper analyzes climate extreme indices in the XRB, a region that lacks this sort of information. Trends in 22 climate extreme indices were evaluated, 11 of them for air temperature and 11 for rainfall, based on spatially gridded and high resolution daily data, for the period from 1980 to 2016. The temperature indices showed significant upward trends in daily temperatures (both maximum and minimum), an indication that, in recent decades, the days and nights have become warmer in the XRB. For rainfall, the indices indicated a downward trend in the central and southern regions of the XRB (Middle and Upper Xingu), and increasing rainfall in the northern region of the basin (Lower Xingu), however, with lower statistical significance when compared to air temperature indices. Commonly, the areas that presented statistically significant trends in the assessed climate extreme indices correspond to areas where there have been alterations in land cover due to increasing use in recent decades (areas of forest that were modified for pasture and agriculture) and in areas still preserved. This paper is an important tool to support decision making in management and strategic planning of water resources (for power generation and multiple uses) and for the elaboration of forest conservation policies (for combatting and controlling deforestation) in the XRB, in times when the region is under constant pressure from agribusiness for the expansion of agriculture and livestock.

位于巴西亚马逊河的新谷流域（XRB）在国家和国际背景下都具有重要意义，特别是在贝洛蒙（Belo Monte）水力发电站的水力发电和森林保护政策方面，因为XRB是重要保护区的所在地如新谷乡土公园。本文分析了XRB缺乏这种信息的地区的极端气候指数。根据空间网格和高分辨率的每日数据，评估了1980年至2016年期间的22种气候极端指数的趋势，其中11种是空气温度，而11种是降雨。温度指数显示每日温度都有明显的上升趋势（两者均最大值和最小值），这表明最近几十年来，XRB中的白天和黑夜变得越来越热。降雨 这些指数表明，XRB的中部和南部地区（新古河中部和上部）呈下降趋势，而盆地北部地区（新古河下部）的降雨增加，但与气温指数相比，统计意义较低。通常，在评估的极端气候指数中具有统计学上显着趋势的区域对应于由于最近几十年的使用增加而导致土地覆盖发生变化的区域（为牧场和农业而改良的森林面积）以及仍保存的区域。 。本文是支持水资源管理和战略规划（用于发电和多种用途）和制定XRB中森林保护政策（用于打击和控制森林砍伐）的重要决策工具，