Agriculture has been identified as one of the largest contributors to the current global biodiversity crisis. Amphibians are declining worldwide, and the loss of habitat and water contamination related to agricultural land uses have been suggested as the main drivers of this phenomenon. In central Argentina, the Pampean Region combines the highest rates of grassland replacement of South America, the lowest percentage of protected areas of the country, and the lack of studies exploring diversity patterns of native amphibians occurring in agroecosystems. To fill these gaps, we surveyed anuran (frogs and toads) assemblages from 342 breeding ponds located in three ecological units from central Argentina (Rolling, Flooding, and Inland Pampas) during three breeding seasons (2015–2018). We aimed to evaluate the importance of breeding habitat characteristics (ponds) and the surrounding landscape features as drivers of anuran diversity occurring in agricultural landscapes under the primary land uses of the region (cattle grazing and soybean cropping). We tested for the effects of breeding habitat characteristics and landscape features on anuran richness, abundance, and individual species occurrence, using GLMM models and information-theoretic procedures. Results indicated that species richness and total abundances were differently influenced by the habitat and landscape features across the ecological units. Overall, vegetation cover of the ponds and land use were the most important variables influencing richness and anuran abundance. The positive influence of pond vegetation cover on anuran assemblages was registered for all the ecological units, while different patterns emerged when we analyzed the effects of land use surrounding the ponds. Land use expressed as the percentage of soy crop surrounding the ponds negatively affected richness and abundance of anurans of the Flooding Pampas, but the inverse relation was found for assemblages occurring in the Inland Pampas. Moreover, multiple competing models suggested a positive correlation between anuran diversity and land-use heterogeneity, and pond density. The differential responses of anuran assemblages among the ecological units can be related to a combination of several factors encompassing regional soil characteristics (i.e., soil texture), land-use intensity as well as requirements of anuran species. We discussed the particularities of each ecological unit in order to recognize those conservation efforts that will favor anuran diversity in these altered landscapes and further contribute to achieving agricultural sustainability.

农业被确定为当前全球生物多样性危机的最大贡献者之一。两栖动物在世界范围内正在下降，与农用土地有关的栖息地丧失和水污染已被认为是造成这种现象的主要原因。在阿根廷中部，潘邦地区结合了南美最高的草原置换率，该国保护区的最低百分比，以及缺乏探索农业生态系统中天然两栖动物多样性模式的研究。为了填补这些空白，我们在三个繁殖季节（2015-2018年）对来自阿根廷中部三个生态单元（滚动，洪水和内陆南美大草原）的342个繁殖池中的无脊椎动物（青蛙和蟾蜍）进行了调查。我们旨在评估繁殖栖息地特征（池塘）和周围景观特征作为该地区主要土地利用（牛群放牧和大豆种植）下农业景观中无色金属多样性驱动因素的重要性。我们使用GLMM模型和信息理论方法，测试了繁殖栖息地特征和景观特征对无脊椎动物丰富度，丰度和单个物种发生的影响。结果表明，物种丰富度和总丰度受到整个生态单元中栖息地和景观特征的不同影响。总体而言，池塘的植被覆盖度和土地利用是影响其丰富度和红壤丰富度的最重要变量。在所有生态单元中都记录了池塘植被覆盖度对无脊椎动物集合的积极影响，而当我们分析池塘周围土地利用的影响时出现了不同的模式。土地利用以池塘周围的大豆作物的百分比表示，对泛滥潘帕斯州的丰富度和丰富的无色铀产生了负面影响，但与内陆潘帕斯州发生的组合相反。此外，多种竞争模型表明，金无diversity多样性与土地利用异质性和池塘密度之间呈正相关。生态单元之间无水ur组合的不同响应可能与包括区域土壤特征（即土壤质地），土地利用强度以及无水species物种需求的若干因素的组合有关。