Abstract

This paper addresses the effects of the initial soil cultivation degree on the development of modern soil-formation processes affecting the agrochemical parameters of agro-sod-podzolic loamy soils. The effects were monitored in the course of a 4-year overgrowing period and subsequent land development resulting in the transformation of fallow lands into arable lands. The subject of this study was the plowing layer of agro-sod-podzolic loamy soils with various initial fertility levels affected by various uses. The field studies were carried out in the framework of a multiyear field experiment: in the course of three seven-field fallow–grain–grass rotation cycles, soils featuring three cultivation levels (medium, elevated, and high) have been formed. It is shown that even a short (4 years) overgrowing period causes a differentiation of the plowing layer into two subhorizons. The sod soil formation process caused by the decomposition of grassy weeds develops in the upper part of the plowing layer (0–10 cm); as a result, the organic matter content and the sum of exchangeable bases increase in this subhorizon. The zonal podzolic process affects the lower part of the plowing layer (10–20 cm); as a result, the humus content decreases, while the soil acidity increases. The elevated and high initial cultivation levels accelerate the differentiation of the postagrogenic horizon into sublayers. The plowing of the postagrogenic horizon eliminates the emerging differentiation in the very first year of the fallow land development. The plowed postagrogenic horizon differs from the plowing layer of similar agro-sod-podzolic loamy soils that were not withdrawn from active agricultural use: it features a higher acidity level and a slightly elevated organic matter content (by 0.060.10 abs. % or 3.3–4.8 rel. %). The cultivation level of the plowed horizon formed in the past years is preserved even in the fifth year of observation.

中文翻译：

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小幅草皮土壤在转变为耕地过程中的农业化学性质变化

摘要

本文探讨了初始土壤耕种程度对现代土壤形成过程发展的影响，该过程影响了农业-土壤-坡地土壤的农业化学参数。在为期4年的过度生长过程中以及随后的土地开发过程中对这些影响进行了监测，从而将休耕地转变为耕地。这项研究的主题是具有各种初始肥力水平的农业-土壤-坡地壤土的耕作层。田间研究是在多年的田间试验的框架内进行的：在三个七个田间的休耕—粮食—草轮作过程中，形成了具有三种耕种水平（中，高和高）的土壤。结果表明，即使是短暂的（4年）过度生长期，耕作层也可分为两个亚地平线。在耕作层的上部（0-10厘米），草杂草的分解引起草皮土壤形成过程。结果，该次地平线中的有机物含量和可交换碱的总和增加。带状隆起过程影响耕作层的下部（10-20厘米）。结果，腐殖质含量减少，而土壤酸度增加。较高的初始栽培水平和较高的初始栽培水平加速了农业后地域向亚层的分化。耕后后天的耕种消除了休耕土地发展第一年出现的新分化。耕后的耕作后的耕层与未从活跃的农业用途中撤出的类似的农业-土壤-坡地壤土的耕作层不同：它具有较高的酸度水平和略高的有机质含量（降低0.060.10 abs。％或3.3） –4.8相对百分比）。即使在观测的第五年，也保留了过去几年形成的耕层的耕种水平。