The culture of olive trees has been spreading worldwide with huge areas being used for this purpose. This activity, in addiction to that of the olive oil industries, has resulted in the formation of much biomass and effluents contaminated with high concentrations of organic compounds. Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated compound, abundant in olive oil and almonds and used for the production of energy, cosmetics, nutritional products and pharmaceuticals, with many nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, it may be present in toxic amounts in industrial effluents of the food sector. There is an increasing incidence of neurological diseases associated with excessive neuronal zinc release and also with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly in mitochondria. This work addresses the impact of oleic acid in neuronal zinc movements and compares OA induced zinc and ROS signals. The measurements were performed using the fluorescent zinc and ROS indicators Newport Green and H2DCFDA, respectively, and oleic acid concentrations in the 10 μM – 100 μM range. The measured zinc and ROS signals, which include autofluorescence, were both enhanced in the presence of the higher concentrations of oleic acid. In general, their amplitude increased with the OA concentration but, upon washout, the zinc changes were reversible while the ROS signals were maintained. These results suggest that there is a correlation between both types of cellular changes.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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油酸对神经元锌信号的影响

橄榄树的文化已在世界范围内传播，大量面积用于此目的。这种活动沉迷于橄榄油行业，导致形成大量被高浓度有机化合物污染的生物质和废水。油酸（OA）是一种单不饱和化合物，富含橄榄油和杏仁，用于生产能量，化妆品，营养产品和药品，具有许多营养和药用价值。但是，它可能以有毒的量存在于食品行业的工业废水中。主要在线粒体中，与神经元锌过多释放以及活性氧物质（ROS）产生有关的神经系统疾病的发病率正在增加。这项工作解决了油酸对神经元锌运动的影响，并比较了OA诱导的锌和ROS信号。分别使用荧光锌和ROS指示剂Newport Green和H2DCFDA以及10μM– 100μM范围内的油酸浓度进行测量。在较高浓度的油酸存在下，测得的锌和ROS信号（包括自发荧光）都会增强。通常，它们的幅度随着OA浓度的增加而增加，但是在洗脱后，锌的变化是可逆的，而ROS信号却保持不变。这些结果表明，两种类型的细胞变化之间都存在相关性。油酸浓度在10μM至100μM之间。在较高浓度的油酸存在下，测得的锌和ROS信号（包括自发荧光）都会增强。通常，它们的幅度随着OA浓度的增加而增加，但是在洗脱后，锌的变化是可逆的，而ROS信号却保持不变。这些结果表明，两种类型的细胞变化之间都存在相关性。油酸浓度在10μM至100μM之间。在较高浓度的油酸存在下，测得的锌和ROS信号（包括自发荧光）都会增强。通常，它们的幅度随着OA浓度的增加而增加，但是在洗脱后，锌的变化是可逆的，而ROS信号却保持不变。这些结果表明，两种类型的细胞变化之间都存在相关性。

图形摘要