Apex predators play important roles in ecosystem functioning and, where they coexist, intraguild interactions can have profound effects on trophic relationships. Interactions between predators range from intraguild predation and competition to facilitation through scavenging opportunities. Despite the increased availability of fine-scale GPS data, the determinants and outcomes of encounters between apex predators remain understudied. We used simultaneous GPS data from collared spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) and African lions (Panthera leo) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, to determine the environmental conditions of the encounters between the two species, which species provoked the encounter, and which species dominated the encounter. Our results show that encounters between hyaenas and lions are mostly resource-related (over a carcass or around waterholes). In the wet season, encounters mainly occur at a carcass, with lions being dominant over its access. In the dry season, encounters mainly occur in the absence of a carcass and near waterholes. Movements of hyaenas and lions before, during, and after these dry-season encounters suggest two interference scenarios: a passive interference scenario whereby both predators would be attracted to waterholes but lions would leave a waterhole used by hyaenas because of prey disturbance, and an active interference scenario whereby hyaenas would actively chase lions from waterhole areas, which are prime hunting grounds. This study highlights the seasonal dynamics of predator interactions and illustrates how the relative importance of negative interactions (interference competition during the dry season) and positive interactions (scavenging opportunities during the wet season) shifts over the course of the year.

尖头掠食者在生态系统功能中发挥重要作用，并且在它们共存的情况下，行会内部的相互作用会对营养关系产生深远影响。掠食者之间的相互作用范围从公会内部的掠夺和竞争到通过寻找机会的便利化。尽管增加了小规模GPS数据的可用性，但对尖齿掠食者之间相遇的决定因素和结局仍未充分研究。我们使用了来自斑点斑点鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）和非洲狮子（Panthera leo）在津巴布韦万基国家公园（Hwange National Park）中确定两种物种相遇的环境条件，哪些物种引起了相遇，哪些物种主导了相遇。我们的结果表明，鬣狗和狮子之间的相遇大多与资源有关（在car体上或水坑附近）。在雨季，encounter肉主要发生在a体上，狮子占主导地位。在干旱季节，encounter灾主要发生在没有car体和水坑附近的情况下。在这些旱季相遇之前，之中和之后，鬣狗和狮子的运动提出了两种干扰情况：一种被动干扰情况，在这种情况下，两个食肉动物都被水坑吸引，但是狮子会由于猎物的干扰而离开鬣狗使用的水坑，以及主动干扰的场景，鬣狗会主动从主要狩猎场水坑地区追赶狮子。这项研究突出了捕食者相互作用的季节动态，并说明了消极相互作用（干旱季节的干扰竞争）和积极相互作用（潮湿季节的清除机会）的相对重要性在一年中如何变化。