Animal robots have outstanding advantages over traditional robots in their own energy supplies, orientation, and natural concealment, delivering significant value in the theories and applications of neural science, national security, and other fields. Presently, many animal robots have been fabricated, but researches about the applications of avian robots are still lacking. In this study, we constructed a Pigeon Robot System (PRS), optimized the electric stimulation parameters, assessed the electric stimulus of navigation, and evaluated the navigation efficiency in the field. Biphasic pulse constant current pattern was adapted, and the optimal stimulus parameters of 4 nuclei tested were of amplitude 0.3 mA, 5 pulse trains, frequency 25 Hz, 5 pulses, and a 25% duty cycle. Effective ratio of left and right steering behavior response to electric stimulus dorsointermedius ventralis anterior nuclei was 67% and 83%, respectively (mean value 75%). Electrical stimulation efficiency was 0.34–0.68 and path efficiency was 0.72–0.85 among pigeon robot individuals in the open field. Neither electrical stimulation efficiency nor path efficiency differed significantly (P > 0.05), suggesting that the navigational PRS performance was not biased in either direction. PRS can achieve continuous navigation along simple pathways and provide the necessary application infrastructure and technical reference for the development of animal robot navigation technology.

动物机器人在自身的能量供应，方向和自然隐蔽方面比传统机器人具有显着优势，在神经科学，国家安全和其他领域的理论和应用中具有重要价值。当前，已经制造了许多动物机器人，但是仍然缺乏关于禽类机器人的应用的研究。在这项研究中，我们构建了Pigeon机器人系统（PRS），优化了电刺激参数，评估了导航的电刺激，并评估了现场的导航效率。调整了双相脉冲恒流模式，测试的4个核的最佳刺激参数为幅度0.3 mA，5个脉冲序列，频率25 Hz，5个脉冲和25％的占空比。左右转向行为对电刺激背腹中间腹前核的有效比率分别为67％和83％（平均值为75％）。在开阔地域的鸽子机器人个体中，电刺激效率为0.34-0.68，路径效率为0.72-0.85。电刺激效率和路径效率均无明显差异（P > 0.05），这表明导航PRS的性能在两个方向上均没有偏差。PRS可以实现沿简单路径的连续导航，并为动物机器人导航技术的发展提供必要的应用程序基础结构和技术参考。