The main purpose of this study was to assess the human health risk of heavy metals in the urban-peri-urban soils from Huelva Township. The soils present high concentrations of potentially toxic elements well beyond the regional screening soil concentration. A site-specific health risk assessment of exposure (oral ingestion, oral inhalation and dermal contact) was conducted according to the regulatory normative. To reduce the uncertainty derived from soil characteristics, bioaccessibility and predicted bioavailability data were included in the assessment. Thereby, in order to evaluate the oral bioaccessibility, a simulation of the gastric condition (pH and T) was applied dissolving the samples in a solution of HCl and 0.4 M glycine. Soils located in industrial areas present higher bioaccessibility than those associated with urban or other uses. The adjusted-relative bioaccessibility total carcinogenic risk for As exceeded the regulatory level in all samples (except samples 7 and 184) indicating that children are more vulnerable, while no detrimental health effects are expected for Pb (except in sample 76, a “greenway” recreational area). The adjusted hazard index for non-carcinogenic effects also overpassed the threshold values in practically all possible scenarios for an adult resident working in Huelva, as well as for a child living and playing in the urban/recreational areas. The main pollutant contributions were related to As and Pb. For this reason, the reported soils exceeding the regulatory levels should be classified as polluted and, therefore, this study should be helpful to initiate necessary soil management interventions to avoid the human health risk.

本研究的主要目的是评估韦尔瓦镇城市-城郊土壤中重金属对人体健康的风险。土壤中的潜在有毒元素浓度远高于区域筛选土壤浓度。根据监管规范对暴露（口服摄入、口服吸入和皮肤接触）进行了特定地点的健康风险评估。为了减少来自土壤特征的不确定性，评估中包括了生物可及性和预测的生物有效性数据。因此，为了评估口服生物可及性，模拟胃状况（pH 和 T），将样品溶解在 HCl 和 0.4 M 甘氨酸溶液中。位于工业区的土壤比与城市或其他用途相关的土壤具有更高的生物可及性。在所有样品（样品 7 和 184 除外）中，As 的调整后相对生物可及性总致癌风险超过了监管水平，表明儿童更容易受到伤害，而 Pb 预计不会对健康产生有害影响（样品 76 除外，“绿色通道”休闲区）。对于在韦尔瓦工作的成年居民以及在城市/娱乐区生活和玩耍的儿童，调整后的非致癌影响危害指数在几乎所有可能的情况下也超过了阈值。主要污染物贡献与As和Pb有关。出于这个原因，超过监管水平的报告土壤应归类为污染，因此，本研究应有助于启动必要的土壤管理干预措施，以避免人类健康风险。