Metapopulation structure emerges from the dispersal of individuals among spatially distinct patches across a low-quality matrix. While dispersing agents are typically modeled as functionally identical with limited, linear and non-directional dispersal, field studies argue for the incorporation of intraspecific trait variation, such as behavioral, into the modeling of dispersal. Individual personality is of growing interest as a trait that affects dispersal metrics yet remains understudied at large, field-relevant spatial scales. Here, we used an individual-based model to investigate the influence of sociability, a personality-type known to be linked to density-dependent dispersal decisions, on a metapopulation at the individual, local and regional scales. As personality dependent dispersal is temporally dependent, we also examined how emergent properties of the metapopulation varied across two dispersal scenarios: long and short dispersal windows. Overall, our results support the growing evidence that individual personalities can significantly structure metapopulations in both space and time, through negative relationships between sociability and dispersal distance and positive relationships between sociability and patch density. However, we also demonstrate the effects of personality are limited by environmental factors. At the larger spatial scales of our model, patch density as a function of distance from source, and proportion of the landscape occupied were more strongly influenced by the dispersal window than by the personality. Using these results, we derive hypotheses to be examined in future empirical research. As the climate continues to shift, and dispersal models are updated to reflect ever changing conditions, these results suggest individual personality types and the personality type by environment interaction should be considered to accurately reflect dispersal and manage valuable metasystems.

跨种群结构的出现是由于个体在低质量基质中空间上不同的斑块之间的分散。尽管通常将分散剂建模为在功能上与有限的线性和无方向性分散相同，但现场研究认为，应将种内性状变异（例如行为）纳入分散模型中。个人个性作为一种影响散布指标的特质受到越来越多的关注，但在与领域相关的大型空间尺度上仍未被充分研究。在这里，我们使用了基于个体的模型来研究社交性（一种已知与密度依赖的分散决策相关的人格类型）对个体，地方和区域尺度上的人口分布的影响。由于人格相关的分散是时间相关的，我们还研究了在两个扩散场景（长和短扩散窗口）中该种群​​的突现特性如何变化。总体而言，我们的研究结果支持了越来越多的证据，即通过社交能力和传播距离之间的负相关关系以及社交能力和斑块密度之间的正相关关系，个人个性可以在时空上显着地构造个体种群。但是，我们也证明了人格的影响受环境因素的限制。在我们模型的更大空间尺度上，斑块密度与到源的距离以及所占景观比例的函数受散布窗口的影响远大于个性。利用这些结果，我们得出了在未来的实证研究中要检验的假设。随着气候的变化，