The goals and targets included in the 2030 Agenda compiled by the United Nations want to stimulate action in areas of critical importance for humanity and the Earth. These goals and targets regard everyone on Earth from both the health and economic and social perspectives. Reaching these goals means to deal with Complex Systems. Therefore, Complexity Science is undoubtedly valuable. However, it needs to extend its scope and focus on some specific objectives. This article proposes a development of Complexity Science that will bring benefits for achieving the United Nations’ aims. It presents a list of the features shared by all the Complex Systems involved in the 2030 Agenda. It shows the reasons why there are certain limitations in the prediction of Complex Systems’ behaviors. It highlights that such limitations raise ethical issues whenever new technologies interfere with the dynamics of Complex Systems, such as human beings and the environment. Finally, new methodological approaches and promising research lines to face Complexity Challenges included in the 2030 Agenda are put forward.

联合国编制的 2030 年议程中包含的目标和具体目标希望在对人类和地球至关重要的领域激发行动。这些目标和具体目标从健康、经济和社会的角度考虑到地球上的每个人。实现这些目标意味着应对复杂系统。因此，复杂性科学无疑是有价值的。但是，它需要扩大其范围并专注于某些特定目标。本文提出复杂性科学的发展，这将为实现联合国的目标带来好处。它列出了 2030 年议程中涉及的所有复杂系统共有的特征。它说明了复杂系统行为的预测存在一定局限性的原因。它强调，每当新技术干扰复杂系统（例如人类和环境）的动态时，此类限制就会引发伦理问题。最后，提出了应对 2030 年议程中包含的复杂性挑战的新方法和有前途的研究路线。