Biochar is widely assumed as an effective soil amendment. It improves soil structure and fertility, thereby enhancing crop growth and development. There is still a knowledge gap in research on the beneficial impact of biochar on root growth and root architecture in perennial woody plants. Therefore, in our 14-week greenhouse study, pinewood-based biochar was applied as soil amendment for muscadine grape cultivation to investigate its effects on soil physical properties and crop root growth. Muscadine grape cv. Alachua was grown on Ultisols soil mixed with five rates of biochar on weight basis. Soil mixture properties and root attributes were determined. The soil bulk density decreased 40% and the total porosity increased 50% by adding 20% biochar into pure sandy soil. The soil water-holding capacity (WHC) of 20% biochar amendment soil was 1.9 times as pure as sandy soil. In addition, the incorporation of biochar did not only ameliorate soil acidity at the beginning but also increased soil pH buffering capacity, providing suitable soil pH a few months after application. Moreover, biochar induced woody plant finer roots development and significantly promoted root length, number of root forks, and crossings, while decreasing root average diameter. Pinewood biochar significantly improved soil physical properties by moderating soil thermal properties, buffering soil pH, improving soil WHC, decreasing soil bulk density, and increasing soil porosity. In addition, biochar also strengthened the root architecture by improving root length, number of root forks, and crossings. Furthermore, roots from the amended treatment had longer root length with less average diameter than unamended roots, indicating that biochar may stimulate muscadine fine root development. The incorporation of biochar in soil enhanced woody plant root growth and development improved soil structure in sandy soils. It could potentially be a good strategy to tackle water loss, particularly in sandy soils.

中文翻译：

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生物炭改善了Muscadine葡萄（Vitis rotundifolia L.）的土壤物理特性并增强了根系结构

生物炭被广泛认为是一种有效的土壤改良剂。它改善了土壤结构和肥力，从而促进了作物的生长发育。在研究生物炭对多年生木本植物对根系生长和根系结构的有益影响方面，在研究方面仍然存在知识空白。因此，在我们为期14周的温室研究中，基于松木的生物炭被用作麝香葡萄的土壤改良剂，以研究其对土壤物理性质和作物根系生长的影响。Muscadine葡萄简历。Alachua在Ultisols土壤上生长，按重量计混合了5种生物炭。确定了土壤混合物的性质和根系属性。通过向纯砂土中添加20％的生物炭，土壤容重降低40％，总孔隙率提高50％。20％生物炭改良土壤的土壤持水量（WHC）为1。是沙质土壤的9倍。另外，生物炭的加入不仅在开始时改善了土壤酸度，而且增加了土壤pH缓冲能力，在施用后几个月提供了合适的土壤pH。此外，生物炭诱导木本植物的根更细，并显着提高了根长，根叉数和杂交，同时降低了根的平均直径。松木生物炭通过调节土壤热特性，缓冲土壤pH值，改善土壤WHC，降低土壤容重和增加土壤孔隙度，显着改善了土壤物理特性。此外，生物炭还通过改善根长，根叉数和杂交增加了根系结构。此外，经过改良处理的根比未经改良的根具有更长的根长和更小的平均直径，表明生物炭可以刺激麝香碱的细根发育。生物炭在土壤中的掺入促进了木本植物根系的生长和发育，改善了沙质土壤的结构。这可能是解决水分流失的好策略，尤其是在沙质土壤中。