Lithium-ion batteries have become one of the most popular energy sources for portable devices, cordless tools, electric vehicles and so on. Their operating parameters are mostly determined by the properties of the anode material and, to a greater extent, the cathode material. Even the most promising electrode materials have disadvantages, such as large changes in the unit cell volume during the charge–discharge cycles, resulting in the electrode disintegration and capacity fading or low ionic or electronic conductivities. To overcome these shortcomings (destruction of materials or slow lithium diffusion), similar approaches are used, including the use of nanosize materials and the formation of composite materials with various conductive additives, the most popular of which is carbon. A small particle size causes less damage and minimises the diffusion path length, and carbon behaves as a buffer, thereby eliminating volume changes and providing a more stable contact between particles. Moreover, carbon coating of nanoparticles provides fast lithium diffusion along the interfaces. In this review, the authors summarised the recent research progress on carbon composites used in lithium-ion batteries. The theoretical foundations of electrochemical processes and some typical examples of the practical application of such composites are also outlined.

中文翻译：

---

锂离子电池电极材料的碳涂层

锂离子电池已成为便携式设备，无线工具，电动汽车等最流行的能源之一。它们的操作参数主要由阳极材料的性能决定，而阴极材料的性能则更大。即使是最有前途的电极材料也有缺点，例如在充放电循环期间单位电池体积发生较大变化，从而导致电极分解和容量衰减或离子或电子电导率降低。为了克服这些缺点（材料破坏或锂扩散缓慢），使用了类似的方法，包括使用纳米级材料以及与各种导电添加剂形成复合材料，其中最流行的是碳。小粒径可减少损坏并最大程度地减少扩散路径长度，并且碳可充当缓冲剂，从而消除体积变化并在颗粒之间提供更稳定的接触。而且，纳米颗粒的碳涂层提供了沿界面的快速锂扩散。在这篇综述中，作者总结了锂离子电池中使用的碳复合材料的最新研究进展。还概述了电化学过程的理论基础以及此类复合材料实际应用的一些典型实例。作者总结了锂离子电池用碳复合材料的最新研究进展。还概述了电化学过程的理论基础以及此类复合材料实际应用的一些典型实例。作者总结了锂离子电池用碳复合材料的最新研究进展。还概述了电化学过程的理论基础以及此类复合材料实际应用的一些典型实例。