Recently reported detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater around the world has led to emerging concerns on potential risk in water bodies receiving treated wastewater effluent. This review aims to provide an up-to-date state of key knowledge on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 in natural water bodies receiving treated wastewater. In this review, SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater, expected removal in WWTPs, and possible dilution and decay in water bodies are reviewed based on past studies on SARS-CoV-2 and related enveloped viruses. We suggest a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework to estimate the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 in natural water bodies through various water activities. Dose–response model of SARS-CoV and Poisson’s distribution is employed to estimate possible viral ingestion and the annual chance of infection through several water activities in natural water bodies. Finally, future perspectives and research needs have been addressed to overcome the limitations and uncertainty in the risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in natural water bodies.

最近报道，在世界各地的废水中检测到SARS-CoV-2，这引起了人们对接受处理后废水的水体潜在风险的担忧。这篇综述旨在提供有关SARS-CoV-2在接受处理后废水的天然水体中的影响的最新关键知识。在这篇综述中，根据对SARS-CoV-2和相关包膜病毒的以往研究，对废水中的SARS-CoV-2浓度，污水处理厂中的预期去除量以及水体中可能的稀释和腐烂进行了综述。我们建议建立定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）框架，以评估通过各种水活动在天然水体中SARS-CoV-2的潜在风险。SARS-CoV的剂量反应模型和Poisson分布用于通过自然水体中的几种水活动来估计可能的病毒摄入和每年的感染机会。最后，解决了未来的观点和研究需求，以克服天然水体中SARS-CoV-2风险评估的局限性和不确定性。