Fluxgate magnetometers are widely used for in situ magnetic field measurements in the context of geophysical and solar system studies. Like in most experimental studies, magnetic field measurements using the fluxgate magnetometers are constrained by the associated uncertainties. To evaluate the performance of magnetometers, the measurement uncertainties of calibrated magnetic field data are quantitatively studied for a spinning spacecraft. The uncertainties are derived analytically by perturbing the calibration parameters and are simplified into the first-order expression including the offset errors and the coupling of calibration parameter errors with the ambient magnetic field. The error study shows how the uncertainty sources combine through the calibration process. The final error depends on (1) the magnitude of the magnetic field with respect to the offset error and (2) the angle of the magnetic field to the spacecraft spin axis. The offset uncertainties are the major factor in a low-field environment, while the angle uncertainties (rotation angle in the spin plane, sensor non-orthogonality, and sensor misalignment to the spacecraft reference directions) become more important in a high-field environment in a proportional way to the magnetic field. The error formulas serve as a useful tool in designing high-precision magnetometers in future spacecraft missions as well as in data analysis methods in geophysical and solar system science.

中文翻译：

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旋转航天器上磁通门磁力计飞行中校准的误差估计

在地球物理和太阳系研究的背景下，磁通门磁力计被广泛用于现场磁场测量。像大多数实验研究一样，使用磁通门磁力计进行的磁场测量也受到相关不确定性的限制。为了评估磁力计的性能，定量研究了旋转航天器的校准磁场数据的测量不确定度。通过扰动校准参数来分析得出不确定性，并将不确定性简化为包含偏移误差以及校准参数误差与环境磁场耦合的一阶表达式。误差研究显示了不确定性源如何在校准过程中结合在一起。最终误差取决于（1）相对于偏移误差的磁场大小，以及（2）磁场相对于航天器自旋轴的角度。偏移不确定性是低场环境中的主要因素，而角度不确定性（自旋平面中的旋转角，传感器非正交性以及传感器与航天器参考方向的未对准）在高场环境中显得尤为重要。与磁场成比例的方式。误差公式可作为设计未来太空飞船任务中的高精度磁力计以及地球物理和太阳系科学中的数据分析方法的有用工具。而角度不确定性（自旋平面中的旋转角度，传感器非正交性以及传感器与航天器参考方向的未对准）在高场环境中以与磁场成比例的方式变得更加重要。误差公式可作为设计未来太空飞船任务中的高精度磁力计以及地球物理和太阳系科学中的数据分析方法的有用工具。而角度不确定性（自旋平面中的旋转角度，传感器非正交性以及传感器与航天器参考方向的未对准）在高场环境中以与磁场成比例的方式变得更加重要。误差公式可作为设计未来太空飞船任务中的高精度磁力计以及地球物理和太阳系科学中的数据分析方法的有用工具。