Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or e-cigarettes, are emerging tobacco products that produce aerosols by heating e-liquids, which most often consist of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin along with various flavoring compounds, bypassing the combustion that occurs in the use of traditional tobacco cigarettes. These products have seen a drastic increase in popularity in recent years both as smoking cessation devices as well as among younger generations, due in large part to the widespread perception among consumers that e-cigs are significantly less harmful for health than traditional tobacco cigarettes. Due to the novelty of ENDS as well as their rapidly increasing use, research into biomarkers of e-cig exposure and toxicity have lagged behind their popularity, leaving important questions about their potential toxicity unanswered. Research into potential biomarkers of acute, chronic e-cig use and E-cigarette- or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury is necessary for informing both clinical and regulatory decision-making. We aim to provide an updated review of recent research into potential circulating, genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic biomarkers of exposure to and toxicity of e-cigs. We additionally highlight research areas that warrant additional study to gain better understanding of health risks associated with ENDS use, as well as to provide validation of existing data and methods for measuring and analyzing e-cig-associated biomarkers in human and animal biofluids, tissues and cells. This review also highlights ongoing efforts within the WNY Center for Research on Flavored Tobacco for research into novel biomarkers in extracellular vesicles that may be associated with short- and long-term ENDS use.

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电子烟使用者和 EVALI 暴露和全身毒性生物标志物的最新更新

电子尼古丁输送系统 (ENDS) 或电子烟是新兴的烟草产品，通过加热电子液体产生气溶胶，电子液体通常由丙二醇和植物甘油以及各种调味化合物组成，绕过使用过程中发生的燃烧的传统烟草香烟。近年来，这些产品作为戒烟设备以及在年轻一代中的受欢迎程度急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由于消费者普遍认为电子烟对健康的危害明显低于传统烟草卷烟。由于 ENDS 的新颖性及其迅速增加的使用，对电子烟暴露和毒性的生物标志物的研究落后于它们的普及，关于其潜在毒性的重要问题仍未得到解答。研究急性、慢性电子烟使用和电子烟或电子烟相关肺损伤的潜在生物标志物对于为临床和监管决策提供信息是必要的。我们的目标是对近期对电子烟暴露和毒性的潜在循环、基因组、转录组和表观遗传生物标志物的研究进行更新回顾。我们还强调了需要进一步研究的研究领域，以更好地了解与 ENDS 使用相关的健康风险，并提供对现有数据和方法的验证，以测量和分析人类和动物体液、组织和细胞。