Parasitism of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta bisphaerica by phorid flies: biology and seasonal and inter‐colonial parasitism rates,Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

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Parasitism of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta bisphaerica by phorid flies: biology and seasonal and inter‐colonial parasitism rates
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 , DOI: 10.1111/eea.13020
Marcos A.L. Bragança ₁ , Hendria C. Martins ₂ , Rafael J. Oliveira ₁ , Terezinha M.C. Della Lucia ₂

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The leaf‐cutting ant Atta bisphaerica Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Attini) forages leaves from monocotyledons in natural environments and is a serious pest of pastures and sugarcane plantations in Brazil. This study investigated aspects of the interactions between A. bisphaerica and dipteran Phoridae parasitoids. The seasonal and inter‐colonial variations in parasitism rates were also investigated. Ants from four A. bisphaerica colonies were sampled, with a total of 91 554 worker ants collected and evaluated. Of these ants, 4.4% were found to have been parasitized by three phorid species: Apocephalus attophilus Borgmeier (relative parasitism rate: 40%), Myrmosicarius grandicornis Borgmeier (31%), and Eibesfeldtphora bragancai (Brown) (28%). The months with the lowest average temperatures, lowest relative humidity, and lowest rainfall (characteristics of the dry season of the region under study) corresponded to the highest parasitism rates, especially by A. attophilus. Apocephalus attophilus and E. bragancai had the highest relative parasitism rates in two of the colonies, 45 and 41%, whereas M. grandicornis was the dominant species in each of the other two colonies, corresponding to approximately 40% of total parasitism. The variation in parasitism rates observed between colonies could be explained, at least in part, by the relationship between the size of the parasitoids and the size of the host ants. Concerning the biological characteristics, A. attophilus had the shortest life cycle, the highest successful emergence rate, and produced 2.5× more parasitoids per host. These characteristics, combined with the ability to cause higher levels of mortality of parasitized worker ants when compared to the two other phorid species, indicates that A. attophilus is an efficient natural enemy of A. bisphaerica and is therefore a candidate for a biocontrol program.

中文翻译：

拟蝇对寄生切叶蚁Atta bisphaerica的寄生：生物学以及季节性和菌落间寄生率

切叶蚁Atta bisphaerica Forel（膜翅目：蚁科，Attini）在自然环境中从单子叶植物中觅食，是巴西牧场和甘蔗种植园的严重害虫。这项研究调查了A. bisphaerica和二倍体Phoridae拟寄生物之间相互作用的方面。还调查了寄生虫发生率的季节性和菌落间变化。从四个双歧曲霉菌落的蚂蚁中取样，总共收集和评估了91 554个工蚁。在这些蚂蚁中，发现有4.4％的人被以下三个类属植物寄生：Apocephalus attophilus Borgmeier（相对寄生率：40％），Myrmosicarius grandicornis Borgmeier（31％）和Eibesfeldtphora bragancai（棕色）（28％）。平均温度最低，相对湿度最低和降雨量最低（所研究地区的干旱季节的特征）的月份对应于寄生率最高的地区，尤其是嗜A. attophilus。Apocephalus attophilus和E. bragancai在两个菌落中的相对寄生率最高，分别为45％和41％，而M. grandicornis是其他两个菌落中每个菌种的优势种，约占总寄生虫的40％。在菌落之间观察到的寄生虫发生率的变化可以至少部分地通过寄生虫的大小与宿主蚂蚁的大小之间的关系来解释。在生物学特性方面，嗜A. Atophilus的生命周期最短，成功出现率最高，每宿主产生的寄生虫多2.5倍。这些特点，较其他两个品种phorid时，导致更高水平的寄生工蚁死亡的能力相结合，表明A. attophilus是一种有效的天敌A. bisphaerica，因此是一个生物防治方案的候选人。

更新日期：2021-03-22

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