We study the influence of global baryon number conservation on the non-critical baseline of net baryon cumulants in heavy-ion collisions in a given acceptance, accounting for the asymmetry between the mean-numbers of baryons and antibaryons. We derive the probability distribution of net baryon number in a restricted phase space from the canonical partition function that incorporates exact conservation of baryon number in the full system. Furthermore, we provide tools to compute cumulants of any order from the generating function of uncorrelated baryons constrained by exact baryon number conservation. The results are applied to quantify the non-critical baseline for cumulants of net proton number fluctuations obtained in heavy-ion collisions by the STAR collaboration at different RHIC energies and by the ALICE collaboration at the LHC. Furthermore, volume fluctuations are added by a Monte Carlo procedure based on the centrality dependence of charged particle production as measured experimentally. Compared to the predictions based on the hadron resonance gas model or Skellam distribution a clear suppression of fluctuations is observed due to exact baryon-number conservation. The suppression increases with the order of the cumulant and towards lower collision energies. Predictions for net proton cumulants up to the eight order in heavy-ion collisions are given for experimentally accessible collision energies.

在给定的接受度下，我们研究了重子碰撞中全球重子数守恒对净重子累积量非关键基线的影响，并考虑了重子和反重子的均数之间的不对称性。我们从规范的划分函数中得出了在受限相空间中净重子数的概率分布，该函数将重子数的精确守恒纳入整个系统。此外，我们提供了工具，可通过不受精确重子数守恒约束的不相关重子的生成函数来计算任意阶的累积量。该结果用于量化重离子碰撞中净质子数波动累积量的非关键基线，该重质碰撞是通过在不同RHIC能量下的STAR合作和在LHC上的ALICE合作获得的。此外，通过蒙特卡洛程序，根据实验测量的带电粒子产生的中心性相关性，增加体积波动。与基于强子共振气体模型或Skellam分布的预测相比，由于精确的重子数守恒，观察到明显的波动抑制。抑制随着累积量的顺序而增加，并且朝向较低的碰撞能量。给出了重离子碰撞中高达8阶的净质子累积量的预测，以提供实验可获得的碰撞能量。与基于强子共振气体模型或Skellam分布的预测相比，由于精确的重子数守恒，观察到明显的波动抑制。抑制随着累积量的顺序而增加，并且朝向较低的碰撞能量。给出了重离子碰撞中高达8阶的净质子累积量的预测，以提供实验可获得的碰撞能量。与基于强子共振气体模型或Skellam分布的预测相比，由于精确的重子数守恒，观察到明显的波动抑制。抑制随着累积量的顺序而增加，并且朝向较低的碰撞能量。给出了重离子碰撞中高达8阶的净质子累积量的预测，以提供实验可获得的碰撞能量。