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Between Industry and Islam: Stonework and tomb construction in colonial-era India
Modern Asian Studies ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-26 , DOI: 10.1017/s0026749x20000396
AMANDA M. LANZILLO

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, monumental Muslim tombs in India served as spaces for refashioning local religious and social identities. Elite patrons, technical overseers, and stoneworkers engaged with new technologies of construction at sites meant to reflect claims on the Muslim past. This article interrogates divergent class understandings of monumental Muslim tombs in colonial-era India. It compares the construction of monumental Islamic tombs in the states of Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Rampur—three Muslim-led ‘native states’, quasi-autonomous polities under colonial oversight. By the late nineteenth century, many native state patrons employed a new middle class of technical intermediary to oversee tomb construction. The rise of this class created new hierarchies within construction, with apprenticeship-trained master craftsmen increasingly marginalized from state narratives and aligned with stoneworkers and other labourers. While patrons and middle-class intermediaries argued that new technologies and materials should be used to ‘modernize’ construction, they portrayed technical change as divorced from the religious symbolism of tombs. In contrast, workers integrated the religious and the technical, positioning technologies of construction within narratives of Muslim practice. The article uses native state tombs to analyse how labourers adapted to technical demands, without necessarily adopting state ideologies.

中文翻译:

工业与伊斯兰教之间:殖民时代印度的石雕和墓葬建筑

在 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初,印度巨大的穆斯林陵墓成为重塑当地宗教和社会身份的空间。精英赞助人、技术监督员和石工在旨在反映对穆斯林过去的主张的地点从事新的建筑技术。这篇文章探讨了不同阶级对殖民时代印度巨大的穆斯林陵墓的不同理解。它比较了在海得拉巴、博帕尔和拉姆普尔这三个由穆斯林领导的“本土国家”、在殖民监督下的准自治政体建造的纪念性伊斯兰陵墓。到 19 世纪后期,许多本土国家的赞助人雇佣了一个新的中产阶级技术中介来监督陵墓的建造。这个阶级的兴起在建筑中创造了新的等级制度,随着学徒训练的工匠大师越来越被国家叙事边缘化,并与石匠和其他劳工结盟。虽然赞助人和中产阶级中间人认为应该使用新技术和新材料来“现代化”建筑,但他们将技术变革描述为与坟墓的宗教象征意义脱节。相比之下,工人们将建筑的宗教和技术定位技术整合到穆斯林实践的叙述中。文章使用本土国家墓葬来分析劳动者如何适应技术需求,而不必采用国家意识形态。虽然赞助人和中产阶级中间人认为应该使用新技术和新材料来“现代化”建筑,但他们将技术变革描述为与坟墓的宗教象征意义脱节。相比之下,工人们将建筑的宗教和技术定位技术整合到穆斯林实践的叙述中。文章使用本土国家墓葬来分析劳动者如何适应技术需求,而不必采用国家意识形态。虽然赞助人和中产阶级中间人认为应该使用新技术和新材料来“现代化”建筑,但他们将技术变革描述为与坟墓的宗教象征意义脱节。相比之下,工人们将建筑的宗教和技术定位技术整合到穆斯林实践的叙述中。文章使用本土国家墓葬来分析劳动者如何适应技术需求,而不必采用国家意识形态。
更新日期:2021-01-26
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