Abstract

Aim

To determine the effect of arm-raising pattern on upper limb proprioceptive accuracy for movements made to overhead targets.

Materials and methods

Sixteen healthy young adults were tested in standing with arms at the sides, made dominant arm-raising movements to an unseen overhead stop, randomly placed at one of five different overhead targets. Movements were made either as a uni-joint shoulder flexion movement in an arc, or as an unconstrained arm raising that was a series of multi-joint movements involving the shoulder, elbow, and wrist.

Results

Overall proprioceptive accuracy for discrimination between the five unseen overhead targets was not different after arm-raising with either a uni-joint or mult-joint pattern (F_{1, 15} = 0.50, p = 0.49, partial η² = 0.03). Better performers with one pattern also tended to perform well with the other (r = 0.70, p = 0.003). Trend analysis across the 4 pairwise scores for discriminations between the target positions (171.8°–173.6°, 173.6°–175.4°, 175.4°–177.2°, and 177.2°–179.0°) showed worsening discrimination towards the more distant targets (F_{1, 15} = 8.44, p = 0.01, partial η² = 0.36). However, this linear trend of falling discrimination accuracy was not different between the two movement patterns (p = 0.27).

Conclusion

Proprioceptive accuracy did not differ between simple uni-joint and more complex multi-joint arm-raising movement patterns, and the further the extent of the overhead target movement, the worse proprioceptive discrimination sensitivity for both movement patterns. Upper limb proprioceptive accuracy was therefore movement extent dependent, but movement pattern independent.

中文翻译：

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针对头顶目标的举臂运动的单关节和多关节模式后本体感觉的准确性

摘要

目标

确定举臂模式对头顶目标运动的上肢本体感觉准确性的影响。

材料和方法

16 名健康的年轻人接受了测试，站立时双臂放在两侧，主要举起手臂到一个看不见的头顶停止，随机放置在五个不同的头顶目标之一。运动要么是单关节肩屈曲弧形运动，要么是不受约束的手臂抬高，这是一系列涉及肩部、肘部和手腕的多关节运动。

结果

在使用单关节或多关节模式（F _{1, 15} = 0.50，p  = 0.49，部分η ² = 0.03）举臂后，区分五个看不见的头顶目标的整体本体感觉准确性没有差异。具有一种模式的表现更好的人也倾向于在另一种模式中表现良好（r  = 0.70，p  = 0.003）。对目标位置（171.8°–173.6°、173.6°–175.4°、175.4°–177.2° 和 177.2°–179.0°）之间歧视的 4 个成对分数的趋势分析显示，对更远目标的歧视恶化（F _{1 , 15} = 8.44, p  = 0.01, 部分η ²= 0.36）。然而，这种下降辨别准确度的线性趋势在两种运动模式之间没有差异（p  = 0.27）。

结论

简单的单关节和更复杂的多关节抬臂运动模式之间的本体感觉准确性没有差异，并且头顶目标运动的范围越远，两种运动模式的本体感觉辨别敏感性就越差。因此，上肢本体感觉的准确性取决于运动程度，但独立于运动模式。