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Evolution and biogeographic history of the Saguinus mystax group (Primates, Callithrichidae)
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23226
Daysa Athaydes 1 , Cayo A R Dias 1 , Renato Gregorin 2 , Fernando A Perini 1
Affiliation  

The Saguinus mystax group traditionally includes three species, S. mystax, S. labiatus, and S. imperator. The additional inclusion of S. inustus is argued on molecular grounds, which have an important impact on our comprehension of the phenotypical evolution and biogeography of the group. Here, we investigate the evolutionary events leading to the diversification of the S. mystax group, integrating phylogenetic, temporal, and geographic information with the current knowledge of the Amazonian paleogeographical history. The examination of 208 specimens of Saguinus resulted in 25 morphological characters, of which 13 were used for the first time in a phylogenetic analysis of the genus. Morphological characters were also combined with molecular data and analyzed using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. Trees resulting from morphological and combined data recovered a monophyletic S. mystax group, including S. inustus, whose inclusion was supported by two morphological synapomorphies. Molecular based age estimates place the origin of Saguinus in the middle Miocene (17.4–13 million years ago [mya]), whereas the S. mystax group originated in an interval between 12 and 6 mya. Our results also suggest that the ancestral area of Saguinus was western Amazon, from where they dispersed to their current distribution after the end of the Pebas lakes system. The diversification events in the S. mystax group are related to the Pliocene development of the modern Amazon river network associated to the uplift of Fitzcarrald Arch.

中文翻译:

Saguinus mystax组(Primates,Callithrichidae)的进化和生物地理历史

传统上,Saguinus mystax组包括三种物种:S。mystaxS。labiatusS. imperator葡萄球菌的进一步纳入是基于分子论证的,这对我们对该群体的表型进化和生物地理学的理解具有重要影响。在这里,我们调查了进化事件,从而导致了S. mystax组的多样化,将进化,时间和地理信息与亚马逊古地理历史的当前知识相结合。208个标本的检验Saguinus产生了25个形态特征,其中13个是首次用于属的系统发育分析。形态特征也与分子数据结合并使用贝叶斯和最大似然法进行分析。从形态学和组合数据得出的树木恢复了包括S. inustus在内的单系S. mystax组,其包含有两个形态上的同形亚种。基于分子的年龄估计将Saguinus的起源置于中新世中部(17.4-13百万年前[mya]),而mystax。S . mystax组起源于12至6 mya的间隔。我们的结果还表明,Saguinus的祖先地区在亚马逊西部,在Pebas湖系统结束后,他们从那里分散到现在的分布。S. mystax组中的多样化事件与现代亚马逊河网的上新世发展有关,与Fitzcarrald拱的隆起有关。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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