Reservoir construction and operation have significant impacts on catchment hydrology, flood risk and fluvial processes. However, few available hydrological modelling packages can simulate complex, dynamic, manually-operated reservoir control structures. We present SHETRAN-Reservoir, a physically-based spatially distributed modelling tool to simulate catchment hydrology, including reservoir operations. We also propose a method for deriving parsimonious reservoir operation rules from real-world observations. Application of SHETRAN-Reservoir to the Upper Cocker catchment in the Lake District National Park, UK, is shown to improve modelling of hydrological response. Modelling combined climate change and water resource management scenarios demonstrates the influence of operational control rules on hydrological impacts, especially during droughts. We discuss how SHETRAN-Reservoir can be applied to other reservoir-containing catchments to guide decisions concerning water resources, ecology and flood risk. We also discuss potential future software developments.

水库的建设和运营对流域水文，洪水风险和河流过程有重大影响。但是，几乎没有可用的水文建模工具包可以模拟复杂，动态，手动操作的水库控制结构。我们介绍了SHETRAN-Reservoir，这是一种基于物理的空间分布建模工具，可以模拟集水区水文，包括水库的运行。我们还提出了一种从现实世界的观测数据中导出简约水库运行规则的方法。SHETRAN水库在英国湖区国家公园的上可卡河集水区中的应用表明可以改善水文响应的建模。对气候变化和水资源综合管理方案进行建模，证明了操作控制规则对水文影响的影响，尤其是在干旱期间。我们讨论了SHETRAN水库如何应用于其他包含水库的流域，以指导有关水资源，生态和洪水风险的决策。我们还将讨论潜在的未来软件开发。