Circadian rhythms control the life of virtually all organisms. They regulate numerous aspects ranging from cellular processes to reproduction and behavior. Besides the light-dark cycle, there are additional environmental factors that regulate the circadian rhythms in animals as well as humans. Here, we outline the circadian rhythm system and considers zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a representative vertebrate organism. We characterize multiple physiological processes, which are affected by circadian rhythm disrupting compounds (circadian disrupters). We focus on and summarize 40 natural and anthropogenic environmental circadian disrupters in fish. They can be divided into six major categories: steroid hormones, metals, pesticides and biocides, polychlorinated biphenyls, neuroactive drugs and other compounds such as cyanobacterial toxins and bisphenol A. Steroid hormones as well as metals are most studied. Especially for progestins and glucocorticoids, circadian dysregulation was demonstrated in zebrafish on the molecular and physiological level, which comprise mainly behavioral alterations. Our review summarizes the current state of knowledge on circadian disrupters, highlights their risks to fish and identifies knowledge gaps in animals and humans. While most studies focus on transcriptional and behavioral alterations, additional effects and consequences are underexplored. Forthcoming studies should explore, which additional environmental circadian disrupters exist. They should clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and aim to better understand the consequences for physiological processes.

昼夜节律控制着几乎所有生物的生命。它们调节从细胞过程到繁殖和行为的许多方面。除了明暗循环之外，还有其他环境因素可以调节动物和人类的昼夜节律。在这里，我们概述了昼夜节律系统并考虑了斑马鱼（Danio rerio) 作为有代表性的脊椎动物生物。我们描述了受昼夜节律干扰化合物（昼夜节律干扰物）影响的多个生理过程。我们关注并总结了鱼类中的 40 种自然和人为环境昼夜节律干扰物。它们可分为六大类：类固醇激素、金属、杀虫剂和杀菌剂、多氯联苯、神经活性药物和其他化合物，如蓝藻毒素和双酚 A。类固醇激素和金属是研究最多的。特别是对于孕激素和糖皮质激素，斑马鱼在分子和生理水平上表现出昼夜节律失调，主要包括行为改变。我们的评论总结了当前关于昼夜节律干扰的知识状态，突出它们对鱼类的风险，并确定动物和人类的知识差距。虽然大多数研究都集中在转录和行为改变上，但对其他影响和后果的探索不足。未来的研究应该探索存在哪些额外的环境昼夜节律干扰物。他们应该阐明潜在的分子机制，并旨在更好地了解生理过程的后果。