Climate change is impacting temperate tree species phenology, especially the timing of budburst, which is mainly driven by air temperature. However, interactions with biotic or other environmental factors also influence the timing of budburst and are usually overlooked. We studied the influence of forest stand composition on the budburst date of adult trees belonging to two species: sessile oak (Quercus petraea, Matt. (Liebl.)) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.). We monitored their budburst dates for seven consecutive years at 18 experimental plots located in central France. We compared the budburst dates of oaks and pines growing in monospecific stands with those of their counterparts in an oak-pine mixture. Our results show that sessile oak budburst date in mixed stands with Scots pine was delayed by 2.2 days on average (SE = 0.6) compared to its budburst date in monospecific stands. In years with early budburst, the delay was more pronounced - up to four days. For Scots pine, our results showed no difference between budburst dates in monospecific and mixed stands. We hypothesize that the persistent foliage of the Scots pine in the mixed stand intercepted a part of the solar radiation, which affected the temperature perceived by the oak buds, thereby delaying the heat accumulation needed for sessile oak budburst. This effect may be of interest for the management of sessile oak in the context of global warming. In the future, sessile oak may experience more frequent frost damage due to an earlier budburst. Managing sessile oak with an evergreen species could limit late frost damage to some extent by delaying budburst. Stand composition must obviously be taken into account when monitoring the phenology of temperate tree species and to enable robust comparisons of phenological events for a given tree species at different sites.

气候变化正在影响温带树种的物候，尤其是芽萌发的时间，芽发的时间主要受气温影响。但是，与生物或其他环境因素的相互作用也影响芽发的时间，通常被忽略。我们研究了林分组成对成年树发芽日期的影响，该成年树属于两种树种：无柄橡树（栎栎，马特（Liebl。））和苏格兰松树（樟子松），L.）。我们在位于法国中部的18个试验区连续7年监测了它们的出芽日期。我们比较了在单种林分中生长的橡树和松树的萌芽日期与在橡树-松树混合物中的同行的橡树和松树的芽期。我们的结果表明，与单峰林相比，与樟子松混交林中的无梗橡木芽期平均延迟了2.2天（SE = 0.6）。在爆发初期的年份中，延迟更为明显-长达四天。对于苏格兰松树，我们的结果表明，单种林和混合林中的芽期没有差异。我们假设混合林中的苏格兰松树的持久叶子拦截了一部分太阳辐射，从而影响了橡树芽感知的温度，从而延迟了无梗橡木芽爆所需的热量积累。在全球变暖的背景下，这种效应可能对无柄橡木的管理很重要。将来，由于早芽，无梗橡木可能会遭受更频繁的霜冻破坏。用常绿树种处理无梗橡木可以通过延迟发芽在一定程度上限制后期霜冻的破坏。监控温带树种的物候时，必须明确考虑林分组成，并能够对不同地点的给定树种的物候事件进行可靠的比较。用常绿树种处理无梗橡木可以通过延迟发芽在一定程度上限制后期霜冻的破坏。监控温带树种的物候时，必须明确考虑林分组成，并能够对不同地点的给定树种的物候事件进行可靠的比较。用常绿树种处理无梗橡木可以通过延迟发芽在一定程度上限制后期霜冻的破坏。监控温带树种的物候时，必须明确考虑林分组成，并能够对不同地点的给定树种的物候事件进行可靠的比较。