The considerable duration of steel chemical heat treatment (CHT) processes makes it necessary to intensify them. For this purpose, it is advisable to use microarc surface impregnation that provides acceleration of CHT in all stages. During microarc alloying steel products are immersed in a metal container filled with coal powder, followed by passage of an electric current in the circuit. Microarc discharges occur within the powder and are concentrated around the product with formation of a microarc halo and rapid heating to the diffusion saturation temperature. When the coal powder is heated a saturated atmosphere based on carbon monoxide is formed within the container that leads to steel product carburization. Preliminary application of a coating containing a diffusant to the surface provides preparation of multi-component coatings. This technology provides acceleration of CHT in all stages. The surface being treated is affected by microarc discharges that lead to accelerated formation of active diffusant atoms and ions and their movement towards a treated surface. On transfer into the metal there is an effect of electrotransport whose operating factors are a force for action of an electric field on the diffusant ions, and the strength of the interaction of atoms and diffusant ions with directional flow of conduction electrons that drives them in the direction of their own movement (“electron wind”) as well as heat transfer, whose impact is described by a vacancy mechanism (Wirts model), the mechanism of entrainment of ions by electrons under the action of a temperature gradient, as well as the mechanism of diffusing atom attraction by phonons of the crystal lattice (“phonon wind”). Experimental studies are conducted for the intensity of diffusion flow depending on the direction of the electric current for various alloying elements, as well as a calculated estimate of the values of these forces. It is found that the main factor determining intensification of diffusion saturation during microarc alloying is the “electron wind” strength. Calculated values of alloying element diffusion coefficients for various versions of microarc heating correspond to the scheme proposed for acting forces.

中文翻译：

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外部因素对钢微弧表面浸渍扩散加速机制的影响

钢铁化学热处理 (CHT) 过程的持续时间相当长，因此有必要对其进行强化。为此，建议使用微弧表面浸渍，在所有阶段提供 CHT 加速。在微弧合金化过程中，钢制品浸入装有煤粉的金属容器中，然后在电路中通电。微弧放电发生在粉末内并集中在产品周围，形成微弧光晕并迅速加热至扩散饱和温度。当煤粉被加热时，在容器内形成基于一氧化碳的饱和气氛，导致钢产品渗碳。将含有扩散剂的涂层初步应用到表面提供了多组分涂层的制备。该技术可在所有阶段加速 CHT。被处理的表面受到微弧放电的影响，导致活性扩散原子和离子的加速形成以及它们向被处理表面的移动。在转移到金属中时，会产生电迁移效应，其操作因素是电场作用于扩散离子的力，以及原子和扩散离子与传导电子的定向流动相互作用的强度，传导电子驱动它们进入它们自身运动的方向（“电子风”）以及热传递，其影响由空位机制（Wirts 模型）描述，即在温度梯度作用下电子夹带离子的机制，以及通过晶格的声子（“声子风”）扩散原子吸引力的机制。根据各种合金元素的电流方向，以及对这些力的值的计算估计，对扩散流的强度进行了实验研究。研究发现，决定微弧合金化过程中扩散饱和度增强的主要因素是“电子风”强度。不同版本的微弧加热合金元素扩散系数的计算值对应于为作用力提出的方案。研究发现，决定微弧合金化过程中扩散饱和度增强的主要因素是“电子风”强度。不同版本的微弧加热合金元素扩散系数的计算值对应于为作用力提出的方案。研究发现，决定微弧合金化过程中扩散饱和度增强的主要因素是“电子风”强度。不同版本的微弧加热合金元素扩散系数的计算值对应于为作用力提出的方案。