The aim of this study was to determine the influence of heavy metals on biological soil quality assessments in Vaccinium myrtillus L. rhizosphere soil as well as in non-rhizosphere soil from different polluted sites. The presented study was also conducted in order to determine any differences in the soil physicochemical and biological properties between the Vaccinium rhizosphere soil and the non-rhizosphere soil. The content of heavy metals and their potential bioavailability, content of macronutrients, physicochemical soil properties, activity of six soil enzymes and microarthropod communities were determined. Soil organic matter, the levels of C, N and all the studied macronutrients and almost all enzyme activity were significantly higher in the rhizosphere soil than in the non-rhizosphere soil. At the most contaminated site, the content of heavy metals was also higher in the rhizosphere soil, but their bioavailability was lower than in the non-rhizosphere soil. The β-glucosidase and urease activity in the soil correlated most negatively with the examined metals. The levels of two enzymes were also strongly impacted by the organic matter—the C and N levels and pH. The number of microarthropods as well as the QBS (soil biological quality index) and F_EMI (abundance-based fauna index) were higher in the rhizosphere soil. The bilberry rhizosphere soil had stronger correlation coefficient values between the measured parameters than the non-rhizosphere soil, which suggests that rhizosphere soil is more sensitive and could be used in the monitoring and assessment of forest ecosystems. β-glucosidase and urease were the most sensitive indicators of the adverse impact of Cd, Zn and Pb. The F_EMI index seems to be a better indicator than the QBS for identifying differences in soil quality.

本研究的目的是确定重金属对越橘根际土壤以及不同污染地点非根际土壤生物土壤质量评估的影响。本研究的目的还在于确定越橘根际土壤和非根际土壤之间的土壤理化和生物特性的差异。测定了重金属含量及其潜在生物利用度、常量营养素含量、土壤理化性质、六种土壤酶活性和微节肢动物群落。根际土壤的土壤有机质、 C 、 N水平和所有研究的常量营养素以及几乎所有酶活性均显着高于非根际土壤。在污染最严重的地点，根际土壤中重金属的含量也较高，但其生物有效性低于非根际土壤。土壤中的β-葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶活性与所检测的金属呈负相关。两种酶的水平也受到有机物（碳、氮水平以及 pH 值）的强烈影响。根际土壤中微型节肢动物的数量以及QBS（土壤生物质量指数）和F _EMI （基于丰度的动物群指数）较高。越橘根际土壤的测量参数之间的相关系数值比非根际土壤更强，这表明根际土壤更加敏感，可用于森林生态系统的监测和评估。 β-葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶是Cd、Zn、Pb不利影响最敏感的指标。 F _EMI指数似乎是比 QBS 更好的识别土壤质量差异的指标。