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Feasibility of rainwater harvesting from residential rooftops in Jordan
Applied Water Science ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s13201-021-01365-w
Ola Al-Qawasmi

Rainwater harvesting is adopted to face water scarcity in arid regions. Many studies were developed in Jordan to estimate the potential of water harvesting for several uses. However, the precise estimation of water saving and cost benefits for the potential of rainwater harvesting from the roofs of residential urban areas is insufficient. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of rainwater harvesting from residential rooftops in all the eighty-nine Jordanian districts. The forecast number of buildings was calculated from 2016 to 2025 using building growth rate, where the number of houses and villas was adopted only. The long-term rainfall average from 1937 to 2017 was used. Two scenarios were used to assess the potential of rainwater harvesting; numerical (as scenario 1) and tabulated by plumbing code (as scenario 2) for the years from 2019 to 2025. Also, the growth rate of one cubic meter of water cost was calculated to find the money saving potential for the water companies in Jordan. The results indicated that the water harvesting potential was different between two scenarios in the districts which have annual rainfall more than 100 mm was efficient in scenario 1 compared to scenario 2 with the projected financial return which was increased from $5.4 million at 2019 to reach $33.4 million at 2025, while in the districts which have annual rainfall less than 100 mm was more efficient in scenario 2 compared to scenario 1 with the projected financial return which was increased from $2.4 million at 2019 to reach $14.6 million at 2025.



中文翻译:

从约旦住宅屋顶收集雨水的可行性

雨水收集被用来应对干旱地区的缺水问题。约旦开展了许多研究,以估计多种用途的集水潜力。但是,对于从居民区屋顶收集雨水的潜力,节水和成本收益的精确估算是不够的。因此,本研究的目的是调查在所有八十九个约旦地区从居民屋顶收集雨水的可行性。预测建筑物数是使用建筑物增长率从2016年到2025年计算的,其中仅采用房屋和别墅的数目。使用1937年至2017年的长期平均降雨量。有两种方案用于评估雨水收集的潜力:数字(作为方案1),并通过水暖代码(作为方案2)制成表格,用于2019年至2025年之间的数据。此外,计算了1立方米水成本的增长率,以寻找约旦自来水公司的省钱潜力。结果表明,情景1与情景2相比,年降雨量超过100毫米的地区的两种情景的集水潜力不同,情景2的预期财务收益从2019年的540万美元增加到3340万美元到2025年,尽管情景2与情景1相比年降雨量小于100毫米的地区的效率更高,预计财务回报从2019年的240万美元增加到2025年的1460万美元。计算一立方米水成本的增长率,以找出约旦水务公司的省钱潜力。结果表明,情景1与情景2相比,年降雨量超过100毫米的地区的两种情景的集水潜力不同,情景2的预期财务收益从2019年的540万美元增加到3340万美元到2025年,尽管情景2与情景1相比年降雨量小于100毫米的地区的效率更高,预计财务回报从2019年的240万美元增加到2025年的1460万美元。计算一立方米水成本的增长率,以找出约旦水务公司的省钱潜力。结果表明,情景1与情景2相比,年降雨量超过100毫米的地区的两种情景的集水潜力不同,情景2的预期财务收益从2019年的540万美元增加到3340万美元到2025年,尽管情景2与情景1相比年降雨量小于100毫米的地区的效率更高,预计财务回报从2019年的240万美元增加到2025年的1460万美元。

更新日期:2021-01-28
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