Compound K (CK; 20-O-β-(d-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) is one of the metabolites of ginsenosides contained in red ginseng (RG) and is known to have high bioavailability. This study aimed to establish the optimal conditions for enzyme treatment to convert ginsenosides from RG extract to CK, and to prove the characteristics of bioconverted red ginseng (BRG) extract. CK was not detected in unenzyme-treated RG extract, and in the single-step enzyme treatment, it was produced at less than 4.58 mg/g only in treatment group with Pyr-flo or Sumizyme AC (at 50 °C for 48 h). The highest yield of CK (14.32 mg/g) was obtained by Ultimase MFC treatment at 50 °C for 48 h after treatment with a mixture of Pyr-flo and Rapidase at 50 °C for 24 h. Total polyphenol, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity were higher in BRG than in RG (p < 0.5). High-fat diet (HD) rat fed 1% BRG had significantly lower body weight, heart weight, fat pads (periosteal fat, epididymal fat), serum glucose levels, and hepatic triglyceride levels than those HD rat fed 1% RG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the sequential enzymatic bioconversion was produces higher CK in RG root extract than single-step enzyme treatment.

中文翻译：

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通过连续酶促水解从人参根（CA Mayer）生产化合物K的最佳生物转化及其特性

化合物K（CK;20-O-β-（d-吡喃吡喃糖基）-20（S）-原人参二醇）是红参（RG）中所含人参皂甙的代谢产物之一，并且已知具有高生物利用度。本研究旨在为人参皂苷从RG提取物转化为CK的酶处理建立最佳条件，并证明生物转化的红参提取物的特性。在未经酶处理的RG提取物中未检测到CK，并且在单步酶处理中，仅在使用Pyr-flo或Sumizyme AC的治疗组中（在50°C下持续48 h），其生产量低于4.58 mg / g。 。在50°C下用Pyr-flo和Rapidase的混合物处理24 h后，在50°C下Ultimase MFC处理48 h，可获得最高的CK（14.32 mg / g）。总多酚，2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶并肼基（DPPH）和2，在BRG中2-氮杂双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）的自由基清除活性高于RG（p <0.5）。高脂饮食（HD）喂养1％BRG的大鼠的体重，心脏重量，脂肪垫（骨膜脂肪，附睾脂肪），血清葡萄糖水平和肝甘油三酸酯水平显着低于那些摄食1％RG的HD大鼠（p < 0.05）。总之，与单步酶处理相比，顺序酶促生物转化在RG根提取物中产生更高的CK。