Citrus is the largest grown fruit crop on the globe with an annual production of ~110–124 million tons. Approximately, 45–55% of the whole fruit post-processing is generally discarded as waste by the food processing industries. The waste is a huge problem to the environment in terms of land and water pollution along with displeasure from aesthetic viewpoint and spread of diseases owing to its huge content of fermentable sugars. The waste can be utilized as a raw material feedstock for producing a number of valuable chemicals and products, such as bioethanol, biogas, bio-oil, organic acids, enzymes, and so on. The production of these chemicals from waste biomass gives an inexpensive alternative to the harsh chemicals used during industrial synthesis processes as well as the possibility of controlling pollution from the waste discarded to the environment. The derived chemicals can be further utilized in the production of industrially important chemicals, as solvents and building blocks of newer chemicals. Furthermore, organic acids, pectin, enzymes, prebiotics, etc., derived from citrus wastes have an edge over their synthetic counterparts in practical applications in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries.

中文翻译：

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柑橘废物的生物转化-I：通过发酵生产生物燃料和有价值的化合物

柑橘是全球最大的水果种植，年产量约为110-1.24亿吨。食品加工行业通常将整个水果后加工中的大约45-55％当作废物丢弃。就土地和水的污染而言，废物由于其可发酵糖的含量高，从土地和水污染的角度来看对环境是一个巨大的问题，并且从美学的角度使人不满意并传播疾病。废物可用作生产许多有价值的化学品和产品的原料，例如生物乙醇，沼气，生物油，有机酸，酶等。由废物生物质生产这些化学药品可提供工业合成过程中使用的苛刻化学药品的廉价替代品，并有可能控制丢弃至环境中的废物的污染。衍生的化学品可进一步用于生产工业上重要的化学品，作为溶剂和新型化学品的基础。此外，在食品加工和制药工业的实际应用中，源自柑橘废物的有机酸，果胶，酶，益生元等比其合成的同类产品具有优势。