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Novel and Converging Ways of NOX2 and SOD3 in Trafficking and Redox Signaling in Macrophages
Antioxidants ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 , DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020172
Steen Vang Petersen , Nanna Bach Poulsen , Cecilie Linneberg Matthiesen , Frederik Vilhardt

Macrophages and related tissue macrophage populations use the classical NADPH oxidase (NOX2) for the regulated production of superoxide and derived oxidants for pathogen combat and redox signaling. With an emphasis on macrophages, we discuss how sorting into secretory storage vesicles, agonist-responsive membrane trafficking, and segregation into sphingolipid and cholesterol-enriched microdomains (lipid rafts) determine the subcellular distribution and spatial organization of NOX2 and superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3). We discuss how inflammatory activation of macrophages, in part through small GTPase Rab27A/B regulation of the secretory compartments, mediates the coalescence of these two proteins on the cell surface to deliver a focalized hydrogen peroxide output. In interplay with membrane-embedded oxidant transporters and redox sensitive target proteins, this arrangement allows for the autocrine and paracrine signaling, which govern macrophage activation states and transcriptional programs. By discussing examples of autocrine and paracrine redox signaling, we highlight why formation of spatiotemporal microenvironments where produced superoxide is rapidly converted to hydrogen peroxide and conveyed immediately to reach redox targets in proximal vicinity is required for efficient redox signaling. Finally, we discuss the recent discovery of macrophage-derived exosomes as vehicles of NOX2 holoenzyme export to other cells.

中文翻译:

巨噬细胞中NOX2和SOD3在贩运和氧化还原信号传递中的新颖融合方法

巨噬细胞和相关组织的巨噬细胞群体使用经典的NADPH氧化酶(NOX2)调节超氧化物的产生,并衍生出氧化剂来对抗病原体和氧化还原信号。重点讨论巨噬细胞,我们讨论了如何分类到分泌性储存囊泡,激动剂反应性膜运输以及如何分离成鞘脂和富含胆固醇的微区(脂质筏),以确定NOX2和超氧化物歧化酶3(SOD3)的亚细胞分布和空间组织。 )。我们讨论了巨噬细胞的炎症激活如何(部分地通过分泌室的小GTPase Rab27A / B调节)介导这两种蛋白在细胞表面上的聚结以提供集中的过氧化氢输出。与膜嵌入的氧化剂转运蛋白和氧化还原敏感的靶蛋白相互作用,这种排列方式允许自分泌和旁分泌信号传导,它们控制着巨噬细胞的活化状态和转录程序。通过讨论自分泌和旁分泌氧化还原信号的例子,我们强调了为什么有效的氧化还原信号需要形成时空微环境,其中产生的超氧化物迅速转化为过氧化氢并立即输送以达到近端的氧化还原目标。最后,我们讨论了巨噬细胞来源的外来体作为NOX2全酶输出到其他细胞的媒介的最新发现。通过讨论自分泌和旁分泌氧化还原信号的例子,我们强调了为什么有效的氧化还原信号需要形成时空微环境,其中产生的超氧化物迅速转化为过氧化氢并立即输送以达到近端的氧化还原目标。最后,我们讨论了巨噬细胞来源的外来体作为NOX2全酶输出到其他细胞的媒介的最新发现。通过讨论自分泌和旁分泌氧化还原信号的例子,我们强调了为什么有效的氧化还原信号需要形成时空微环境,其中产生的超氧化物迅速转化为过氧化氢并立即输送以达到近端的氧化还原目标。最后,我们讨论了巨噬细胞来源的外来体作为NOX2全酶输出到其他细胞的媒介的最新发现。
更新日期:2021-01-25
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