This study conducted two meta-analyses to synthesize the association between children’s language skills and two broad-band dimensions of psychopathology: internalizing and externalizing. Pooled estimates across 139 samples (externalizing k = 105; internalizing k = 90) and 147,305 participants (age range: 2–17 years old; mean % males: 53.75; mean % White participants: 55.59; mean % minority participants: 43.12) indicated small but significant associations between child language skills and externalizing problems (Hedges’ g = .22) and between language skills and internalizing problems (Hedges’ g = .23). The association between language difficulties and externalizing problems was stronger amongst males and in children with low versus high sociodemographic risk. Implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed.

中文翻译：

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儿童语言困难和内化和外化症状：元分析

本研究进行了两项元分析，以综合儿童语言技能与心理病理学的两个宽带维度之间的关联：内化和外化。139 个样本（外化k  = 105；内化k  = 90）和 147,305 名参与者（年龄范围：2-17 岁；平均男性百分比：53.75；平均白人参与者百分比：55.59；平均百分比少数民族参与者：43.12）的汇总估计表明儿童语言技能与外化问题（Hedges' g  = .22）以及语言技能与内化问题（Hedges' g = .23）。语言困难与外化问题之间的关联在男性和社会人口学风险低与高的儿童中更强。讨论了结果对理论和实践的影响。