Human activity is an important driver of ecological and evolutionary change on our planet. In particular, domestication and biological introductions have important and long-lasting effects on species’ genomic architecture and diversity. However, genome-wide analysis of independent domestication and introduction events within a single species has not previously been performed. The Pacific kelp Undaria pinnatifida provides such an opportunity because it has been cultivated in its native range in Northeast Asia but also introduced to four other continents in the past 50 years. Here we present the results of a genome-wide analysis of natural, cultivated and introduced populations of U. pinnatifida to elucidate human-driven evolutionary change. We demonstrate that these three categories of origin can be distinguished at the genome level, reflecting the combined influence of neutral (demography and migration) and non-neutral (selection) processes.

人类活动是地球生态和进化变化的重要驱动力。特别是，驯化和生物引入对物种的基因组结构和多样性具有重要而持久的影响。然而，此前尚未对单个物种内的独立驯化和引入事件进行全基因组分析。太平洋海带裙带菜（Undaria pinnatifida）提供了这样的机会，因为它在东北亚的原产地进行了栽培，但在过去 50 年中也被引入到其他四个大陆。在这里，我们展示了对自然、栽培和引进的U. pinnatifida种群进行全基因组分析的结果，以阐明人类驱动的进化变化。我们证明，这三类起源可以在基因组水平上区分，反映了中性（人口和迁移）和非中性（选择）过程的综合影响。