Soil management systems cause many changes in the microenvironment that directly affect activity and diversity of microorganisms. In lowlands, there is a gap in relation to the adoption of no‐tillage (zero‐tillage) and the impact it has on soil under cultivation of irrigated rice. This study, an in‐field experiment, evaluated the microbial enzymatic activity and diversity in an Entisol cultivated with rice under different managements for 22 years. The experiment started in the 1994/95 growing season, and the treatments were no‐tillage, conventional, and pregerminated management systems. After 22 years, the data obtained on most of the evaluation dates indicated that no‐tillage increased microbial biomass carbon (+45%), microbial biomass nitrogen (+54%), and basal respiration (+54%). No‐tillage compared to management under soil tillage (pregerminated and conventional tillage) increased the activity of β‐glucosidase (+43%), acid phosphatase (+68%), diacetate fluorescein (+34%), and urease (+96%). The enzyme activity was correlated with the soil organic carbon content and particulate fraction. Despite the relatively high enzyme activity with no‐tillage, bacterial richness was maintained in this soil management system. The Proteobacteria phylum has a greater abundance in the NT (43.2%) in relation to the CT (32.3%). Bacteroidetes phylum has a lower abundance in the NT (10.0%) in relation to the CT (15.2%). The Verrucomicrobia phylum has a greater abundance in NT (8.9%) in relation to CT (4.9%). The results suggest that no‐tillage is an important management tool in the recovery of irrigated rice areas whose soil has undergone microbiological degradation.

中文翻译：

---

长期免耕系统可提高稻田的酶促活性并保持细菌丰富度

土壤管理系统在微环境中引起许多变化，这些变化直接影响微生物的活性和多样性。在低地，采用免耕（零耕）及其对灌溉水稻种植土壤的影响存在差距。这项研究是一项田间实验，评估了在不同管理下用水稻种植的恩替索22年的微生物酶活性和多样性。该实验始于1994/95年生长期，处理方式为免耕，常规和发芽的管理系统。22年后，在大多数评估日期获得的数据表明，免耕增加了微生物生物量碳（+ 45％），微生物生物量氮（+ 54％）和基础呼吸（+ 54％）。与土壤耕作（免耕和传统耕作）相比，免耕增加了β-葡萄糖苷酶（+ 43％），酸性磷酸酶（+ 68％），双乙酸荧光素（+ 34％）和脲酶（+ 96％）的活性。 ）。酶活性与土壤有机碳含量和颗粒分数相关。尽管免耕酶活性相对较高，但该土壤管理系统仍保持了细菌丰富性。这与CT（32.3％）相比，门诊Proteobacteria phylum在NT中的丰度更高（43.2％）。与CT（15.2％）相比，门生拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes phylum）在NT中的丰度较低（10.0％）。与CT（4.9％）相比，Verrucomicrobia phylum在NT中的丰度更高（8.9％）。结果表明，免耕是恢复土壤经过微生物降解的水稻区域的重要管理手段。