The present review was conducted to highlight the major and trace elemental composition in surface sediments from the Nile River and Egyptian Red Sea coastal areas in terms of provenance, concentrations, pollution indices, and health hazards. Health hazard due to the exposure to selected elements via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact was calculated. The samples were subjected to neutron activation analysis. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis was employed. Significant amounts of V, Cr, and Zr are observed in Nile sediments. Whereas, considerable concentrations of Br and Ca were found in marine sediments. The concentrations of the other elements are in line with the corresponding values in upper continental crust. The outcomes of the pollution indices show some localized polluted sites (Helwan, Cairo, and Delta) in Nile sediments. Likewise, in Abu Ghusun area in marine ones. Overall, the hazard index of the investigated elements in the Nile and marine sediments for both studied age criteria is higher than the tolerable values (1 × 10⁻⁶ - 1 × 10⁻⁴).

本次审查旨在突出尼罗河和埃及红海沿岸地区表层沉积物中主要和微量元素的来源、浓度、污染指数和健康危害。计算了因吸入、摄入和皮肤接触而暴露于选定元素的健康危害。对样品进行中子活化分析。采用双变量和多变量统计分析。在尼罗河沉积物中观察到大量的 V、Cr 和 Zr。然而，在海洋沉积物中发现了相当浓度的 Br 和 Ca。其他元素的浓度与上大陆地壳的相应值一致。污染指数的结果显示了一些局部污染点（赫尔万、开罗、和三角洲）在尼罗河沉积物中。同样，在阿布古森地区的海洋中。总体而言，尼罗河和海洋沉积物中所研究元素的危险指数均高于可容忍值 (1 × 10^-6 - 1 × 10 ^-4 )。