On the basis of data on the distribution of electric power in the working space of a furnace, resistances of the zones of charge, arc, and melt, and the characteristics of displacements of electrodes obtained with the help of an automated system of monitoring of the electric parameters of the process, we estimate the efficiency of the electric mode of a two-electrode single-phase furnace used for smelting commercial silicon. The influence of the methods and procedures used for the regulation of the conditions of charge dosing and landing of electrodes on the electric mode is investigated. It is shown that the requirements of stabilization of the useful power and its rational distribution over the zones imposed on the regulation of the electric mode are not satisfied. The instability of the useful power of the furnace is caused by the application of the manual mode of control and the errors of measurements of currents in the electrodes caused by the incorrect calibration of the reference ammeter. The realization of the technological process under the conditions of high landing of electrodes does not correspond to the rational values of the energy efficiency of the furnace and is accompanied by significant losses of the arc power of the furnace and silicon in the form of silicon monoxide. The absence of data on the state of the working space of the furnace does not enable us to control the distribution of power over its main zones and to realize the possibility of full control over the process. We present examples that confirm the oscillating nature of the technological process and significant asymmetry of the useful power of separated electrodes. It is shown that numerous violations in the course of the analyzed process are caused by the use of irrational methods and procedures of regulation of the modes of charge dosing and landing of electrodes. In particular, the alternation of the modes of loading of the charge with excess and lack of carbon leads to significant fluctuations in the useful power of the furnace and the powers of the arcs. Moreover, the course of smelting can be described as a permanent transient process from one extremely inefficient state into another.

中文翻译：

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商业硅冶炼工艺过程电模式的具体特点

根据熔炉工作空间中的电力分布数据、装料区、电弧区和熔化区的电阻，以及借助自动化监控系统获得的电极位移特性根据该过程的电参数，我们估算了用于冶炼商业硅的两电极单相炉的电模式效率。研究了用于调节电荷剂量和电极着陆条件的方法和程序对电模式的影响。结果表明，对电力模式的调节强加于区域内的有用功率稳定及其合理分配的要求没有得到满足。熔炉有用功率的不稳定性是由于手动控制方式的应用和参考电流表的不正确校准引起的电极电流测量误差造成的。该工艺过程在电极高着陆条件下的实现不符合炉子能效的合理值，伴随着炉子电弧功率和以一氧化硅形式存在的硅的显着损失。由于缺乏有关熔炉工作空间状态的数据，我们无法控制其主要区域的功率分配并实现对过程的完全控制的可能性。我们提供的例子证实了技术过程的振荡性质和分离电极的有用功率的显着不对称性。结果表明，分析过程中的许多违规行为是由于使用不合理的方法和程序来调节电荷剂量和电极着陆模式造成的。特别是，碳过量和碳缺乏的装料装载模式的交替导致炉子的有用功率和电弧功率的显着波动。此外，熔炼过程可以描述为从一种极其低效的状态到另一种状态的永久瞬态过程。结果表明，分析过程中的许多违规行为是由于使用不合理的方法和程序来调节电荷剂量和电极着陆模式造成的。特别是，碳过量和碳缺乏的装料装载模式的交替导致炉子的有用功率和电弧功率的显着波动。此外，熔炼过程可以描述为从一种极其低效的状态到另一种状态的永久瞬态过程。结果表明，分析过程中的许多违规行为是由于使用不合理的方法和程序来调节电荷剂量和电极着陆模式造成的。特别是，碳过量和碳缺乏的装料装载模式的交替导致炉子的有用功率和电弧功率的显着波动。此外，熔炼过程可以描述为从一种极其低效的状态到另一种状态的永久瞬态过程。