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UAV-Based Survey of Glaciers in Himalayas: Challenges and Recommendations
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s12524-020-01300-7
RAAJ Ramsankaran , P. J. Navinkumar , Ajay Dashora , Anil V. Kulkarni

Role of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing (RS) applications in glaciology have increased in recent years. UAV-based RS studies on mountain glaciers are mainly focussing on obtaining accurate ultra-high-resolution data from UAV images for different glaciological applications. However, studies understanding the challenges involved during UAV surveys on complex terrains of high mountain glaciers are inadequate and they are not available for places like Himalayas. Therefore, this study aims to examine and derive strategies to minimize those challenges on such complex glacier and their margin topography. Here, UAV surveys were conducted using a fixed-wing commercial-grade off-the-shelf UAV (eBee series, SenseFly) on three glacier sites (East Rathong, Hamtah and Panchinala-A) located in different climate regimes within the Indian part of Himalayas. From the UAV collected images, ultra-high-resolution ortho-mosaicked images and Digital Elevation Models were generated at 0.1 m ground sample distance and their accuracies were assessed using the collected ground control points. Based on the challenges observed, the study recommends criteria for selection of best-suited take-off/landing locations on a mountain glacier and its margins for conducting efficient UAV surveys in the complex terrain such as in the Himalayas and possibly beyond. Recommendations reported in this article shall be useful to minimize the challenges and associated risks during UAV data acquisition using fixed-wing UAVs.

中文翻译:

基于无人机的喜马拉雅冰川调查:挑战和建议

近年来,基于无人机 (UAV) 的遥感 (RS) 应用在冰川学中的作用有所增加。基于无人机的山地冰川遥感研究主要侧重于从无人机图像中获取准确的超高分辨率数据,用于不同的冰川学应用。然而,了解无人机对高山冰川复杂地形进行调查所涉及的挑战的研究是不够的,而且它们不适用于像喜马拉雅山这样的地方。因此,本研究旨在研究和制定策略,以最大限度地减少对此类复杂冰川及其边缘地形的挑战。在这里,无人机调查是使用固定翼商用级现成无人机(eBee 系列、SenseFly)在三个冰川地点(East Rathong、Hamtah 和 Panchinala-A) 位于喜马拉雅山印度部分的不同气候条件下。从无人机收集的图像中,在 0.1 m 地面样本距离处生成超高分辨率正射镶嵌图像和数字高程模型,并使用收集的地面控制点评估其精度。根据观察到的挑战,该研究建议了在山地冰川上选择最适合起飞/着陆位置的标准及其边缘,以便在复杂地形(例如喜马拉雅山和可能更远的地区)进行有效的无人机调查。本文中报告的建议将有助于最大限度地减少使用固定翼无人机获取无人机数据过程中的挑战和相关风险。在 0.1 m 地面样本距离处生成超高分辨率正射镶嵌图像和数字高程模型,并使用收集的地面控制点评估其准确性。根据观察到的挑战,该研究推荐了在山地冰川上选择最适合起飞/着陆位置的标准及其边缘,以便在喜马拉雅山等复杂地形中进行有效的无人机勘测。本文中报告的建议将有助于最大限度地减少使用固定翼无人机获取无人机数据过程中的挑战和相关风险。在 0.1 m 地面样本距离处生成超高分辨率正射镶嵌图像和数字高程模型,并使用收集的地面控制点评估其准确性。根据观察到的挑战,该研究推荐了在山地冰川上选择最适合起飞/着陆位置的标准及其边缘,以便在喜马拉雅山等复杂地形中进行有效的无人机勘测。本文中报告的建议将有助于最大限度地减少使用固定翼无人机获取无人机数据过程中的挑战和相关风险。该研究建议了在山地冰川上选择最适合起飞/着陆位置的标准及其边缘,以便在喜马拉雅山等复杂地形中进行有效的无人机调查。本文中报告的建议将有助于最大限度地减少使用固定翼无人机获取无人机数据过程中的挑战和相关风险。该研究建议了在山地冰川上选择最适合起飞/着陆位置的标准及其边缘,以便在喜马拉雅山等复杂地形中进行有效的无人机调查。本文中报告的建议将有助于最大限度地减少使用固定翼无人机获取无人机数据过程中的挑战和相关风险。
更新日期:2021-01-25
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