Source apportionment studies are expected to provide relative contribution of different sources responsible for deteriorated air quality in an urban area, so that the agency responsible for urban air quality management can adopt prioritized source-specific control measures. Robust assessment of source contributions in a typical urban land-use pattern is the prime step for development of effective emission control strategies. This necessitates a critical review of the PM2.5 source apportionment studies conducted in different urban land uses and delineation of the dominant sources along with its contribution to reveal the diversifications among the peculiar land use classifications even within the same city. The present study reviewed the source apportionment studies carried out at 37 locations from seven Indian cities and categorized the sources contribution on seasonal (winters and summers) average basis for residential, commercial, industrial, kerbside, and mixed locations. The findings of the review studies inferred considerable variations in the source’s contribution to air pollution with land use change. For example, during winter, domestic/biomass emission was reported as a significant source in residential (34%), commercial (26%), mixed (46%), industrial (31%), and road side (27%) locations in Delhi city in North India. However, vehicle (57%) was found to be the dominant source in residential area whose contribution increased up to 76% at road side location in Bangalore City in South India. It is also observed that source contributions vary in different seasons depending upon the activity levels. More or less similar observation was found in other cities selected for this study. The variations in source apportionment findings for a particular city might be attributed to heterogeneity of sources/major activity areas, nonuniform adoption of methodology. The study emphasizes on the need for the development of urban air quality management plan based on the land use specific source apportionment studies.

中文翻译：

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印度城市地区 PM2.5 浓度的土地利用特定源贡献回顾

源解析研究预计将提供导致城市地区空气质量恶化的不同来源的相对贡献，以便负责城市空气质量管理的机构可以优先采取针对特定源的控制措施。对典型城市土地利用模式中的源贡献进行稳健评估是制定有效排放控制策略的首要步骤。这需要对在不同城市土地利用中进行的 PM2.5 源解析研究进行严格审查，并划定主要来源及其有助于揭示即使在同一城市内特殊土地利用分类之间的多样化。本研究回顾了在来自印度七个城市的 37 个地点进行的源分配研究，并对住宅、商业、工业、路边和混合地点的季节性（冬季和夏季）平均基础上的源贡献进行了分类。审查研究的结果推断，随着土地利用的变化，污染源对空气污染的贡献存在相当大的差异。例如，在冬季，家庭/生物质排放被报告为住宅 (34%)、商业 (26%)、混合 (46%)、工业 (31%) 和路边 (27%) 地点的重要来源。印度北部的德里市。然而，发现车辆 (57%) 是住宅区的主要来源，其贡献在印度南部班加罗尔市的路边位置增加了 76%。还观察到，源贡献在不同季节因活动水平而异。在本研究选择的其他城市中或多或少地发现了类似的观察结果。特定城市的源分配结果的差异可能归因于源/主要活动区域的异质性、方法的不统一采用。该研究强调需要在土地利用特定源分配研究的基础上制定城市空气质量管理计划。