Cancer is one of the most considerable concerns because of increasing the death rate all over the world. Recent studies have disclosed that plant extracts exhibit anticancer activity through various mechanisms. Xanthium strumarium has been used by Vietnamese in herbal medicines to support the medication of infirmities. This study is to consider the secondary metabolites, antioxidant and anticancer capacities of extract from the aerial parts (stems and leaves) of X. strumarium (AP-XS). AP-XS was analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals via qualitative chemical tests and determined total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) quenching assay and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay were selected to investigate antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity, respectively. Besides, acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) dual staining was applied to evaluate the ability to induce apoptosis on HepG2 cancer cells. Results of present study indicated that AP-XS contains the main phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and triterpenes. Ethanol extract had highest content of polyphenol (84.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry mass), and exhibited the great total antioxidant property (IC50 = 184.13 μg/mL) and anti-proliferative activity on HepG2 cancer cells (IC50 = 81.69 μg/mL). Furthermore, the characteristics of apoptosis including shrinkage of the cell and apoptotic bodies were found following 60 h of AP-XS extract treatment through AO-EB dual staining. The data suggest that AP-XS extract had antioxidant potential and anti-proliferative effect. The anti-proliferative property was considered to have an association with a rising of apoptosis. These results were reliable for further research on X. strumarium as a source of phytochemicals with anticancer activity potential for cancer therapeutics.

中文翻译：

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黄刺地上部分提取物对HepG2癌细胞系的植物化学筛选及其抗癌活性。

由于全世界死亡率的上升，癌症是最令人关注的问题之一。最近的研究已经公开了植物提取物通过各种机制表现出抗癌活性。越南人已将Xanthium strumarium用于草药以支持治疗药物。这项研究是要考虑从X. strumarium（AP-XS）的空中部分（茎和叶）提取物的次级代谢产物，抗氧化剂和抗癌能力。通过定性化学测试分析了AP-XS中是否存在植物化学物质，并确定了总多酚和类黄酮的含量。选择DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-吡啶并肼基）淬灭法和磺基若丹明B（SRB）法分别研究抗氧化能力和抗增殖活性。除了，cr啶橙-溴化乙锭（AO-EB）双重染色用于评估诱导HepG2癌细胞凋亡的能力。目前的研究结果表明，AP-XS含有主要的植物化学物质，如黄酮类，单宁，皂角苷，生物碱和三萜。乙醇提取物具有最高的多酚含量（84.86 mg没食子酸当量/ g干燥质量），并且具有出色的总抗氧化性能（IC50 = 184.13μg/ mL）和对HepG2癌细胞的抗增殖活性（IC50 = 81.69μg/ mL）。 ）。此外，通过AO-EB双重染色处理AP-XS提取物60小时后，发现细胞凋亡的特征包括细胞的收缩和凋亡小体。数据表明，AP-XS提取物具有抗氧化作用和抗增殖作用。认为抗增殖特性与细胞凋亡的增加有关。这些结果对于进一步研究作为一种具有抗癌活性潜力的抗癌活性植物化学来源的Str.arium来说是可靠的。