Objective. To examine differences in maternal serum levels of adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6)) from early to midpregnancy among Arab women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), along with their links to GDM risk. Methods. This is a multicenter prospective study involving 232 Saudi women attending obstetric care. Both circulating adipokine and markers of inflammation were observed at the first (eight to 12 weeks) and second trimesters (24 to 28 weeks). GDM was screened at 24 to 28 weeks using the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Results. Age and body mass index- (BMI-) matched circulating TNF-α was significantly higher in women with GDM in comparison to non-GDM women (). Adiponectin and resistin significantly decreased from the first to second trimester in women without GDM ( and 0.026, respectively). Leptin presented a significant rise from the first to second trimester in both groups, with a higher increase in women with GDM (). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that TNF-α was significantly correlated with GDM (). However, significance was lost after adjustments for maternal and lifestyle risk factors (OR 23.58 (0.50 to 1119.98), ). Conclusion. Inflammatory and adipocytokine profiles are altered in Arab women with GDM, TNF-α in particular. Further studies are needed to establish whether maternal inflammatory and adipocytokine profile influence fetal levels in the same manner.

中文翻译：

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阿拉伯妇女妊娠早期至中期的炎症和脂肪因子状态及其与妊娠期糖尿病的关系

客观。研究阿拉伯妇女妊娠早期至中期的母体血清脂肪因子（脂联素、瘦素和抵抗素）和炎症标志物（肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF- α ) 和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)）水平的差异。没有妊娠糖尿病（GDM），以及它们与 GDM 风险的联系。方法。这是一项多中心前瞻性研究，涉及 232 名沙特妇女参加产科护理。在孕早期（8 至 12 周）和孕中期（24 至 28 周）观察到循环脂肪因子和炎症标志物。使用国际糖尿病和妊娠研究组协会 (IADPSG) 标准在 24 至 28 周筛查 GDM。结果. 与非 GDM 女性相比，GDM 女性的年龄和体重指数 (BMI-) 匹配的循环 TNF -α显着更高。）。在没有 GDM 的女性中，脂联素和抵抗素在妊娠早期到中期显着下降（和 0.026，分别）。从孕早期到孕中期，两组的瘦素均显着升高，其中 GDM 女性的升高幅度更大（）。多因素logistic回归分析显示TNF -α与GDM显着相关（）。然而，在调整母亲和生活方式风险因素后，显着性丧失（OR 23.58（0.50 至 1119.98），）。 结论。患有 GDM，特别是 TNF -α的阿拉伯女性的炎症和脂肪细胞因子谱发生了改变。需要进一步的研究来确定母体炎症和脂肪细胞因子谱是否以相同的方式影响胎儿水平。