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The COMBS Survey - II. Distinguishing the metal-poor bulge from the halo interlopers
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab003
Madeline Lucey 1 , Keith Hawkins 1 , Melissa Ness 2, 3 , Victor P Debattista 4 , Alice Luna 1 , Martin Asplund 5 , Thomas Bensby 6 , Luca Casagrande 7 , Sofia Feltzing 6 , Kenneth C Freeman 7 , Chiaki Kobayashi 8 , Anna F Marino 9, 10, 11
Affiliation  

The metal-poor stars in the bulge are important relics of the Milky Way’s formation history, as simulations predict that they are some of the oldest stars in the Galaxy. In order to determine if they are truly ancient stars, we must understand their origins. Currently, it is unclear if the metal-poor stars in the bulge ([Fe/H] < −1 dex) are merely halo interlopers, a unique accreted population, part of the boxy/peanut-shaped bulge, or a classical bulge population. In this work, we use spectra from the VLT/FLAMES spectrograph to obtain metallicity estimates using the Ca-II triplet of 473 bulge stars (187 of which have [Fe/H] < −1 dex), targeted using SkyMapper photometry. We also use Gaia DR2 data to infer the Galactic positions and velocities along with orbital properties for 523 stars. We employ a probabilistic orbit analysis and find that about half of our sample has a >50 per cent probability of being bound to the bulge, and half are halo interlopers. We also see that the occurrence rate of halo interlopers increases steadily with decreasing metallicity across the full range of our sample (−3 < [Fe/H] < 0.5). Our examination of the kinematics of the confined compared to the unbound stars indicates the metal-poor bulge comprises at least two populations; those confined to the boxy/peanut bulge and halo stars passing through the inner galaxy. We conclude that an orbital analysis approach, as we have employed, is important to understand the composite nature of the metal-poor stars in the inner region.

中文翻译:

COMBS 调查 - II。将贫金属凸起与光环入侵者区分开来

凸起中的贫金属恒星是银河系形成历史的重要遗迹,因为模拟预测它们是银河系中最古老的恒星之一。为了确定它们是否真的是远古恒星,我们必须了解它们的起源。目前,尚不清楚核球中的贫金属恒星([Fe/H] < -1 dex)是否仅仅是光晕闯入者、独特的吸积星群、方形/花生形核球的一部分,还是经典核球人口。在这项工作中,我们使用来自 VLT/FLAMES 光谱仪的光谱,使用 473 颗核球(其中 187 颗具有 [Fe/H] < -1 dex)的 Ca-II 三重态来获得金属丰度估计,目标是使用 SkyMapper 光度计。我们还使用 Gaia DR2 数据来推断 523 颗恒星的银河位置和速度以及轨道特性。我们采用概率轨道分析,发现我们的样本中约有一半有 > 50% 的概率被束缚在凸起上,一半是光晕闯入者。我们还看到,在我们的整个样本范围内,随着金属丰度的降低(-3 < [Fe/H] < 0.5),晕闯入者的发生率稳步增加。我们对受限恒星与未约束恒星运动学的对比研究表明,贫金属凸起至少包含两个群体;那些局限于穿过内部星系的方形/花生核和晕星。我们得出结论,我们采用的轨道分析方法对于了解内部区域贫金属恒星的复合性质很重要。一半是光环闯入者。我们还看到,在我们的整个样本范围内,随着金属丰度的降低(-3 < [Fe/H] < 0.5),晕闯入者的发生率稳步增加。我们对受限恒星与未约束恒星运动学的对比研究表明,贫金属凸起至少包含两个群体;那些局限于穿过内部星系的方形/花生核和晕星。我们得出结论,我们采用的轨道分析方法对于了解内部区域贫金属恒星的复合性质很重要。一半是光环闯入者。我们还看到,在我们的整个样本范围内,随着金属丰度的降低(-3 < [Fe/H] < 0.5),晕闯入者的发生率稳步增加。我们对受限恒星与未约束恒星运动学的对比研究表明,贫金属凸起至少包含两个群体;那些局限于穿过内部星系的方形/花生核和晕星。我们得出结论,我们采用的轨道分析方法对于了解内部区域贫金属恒星的复合性质很重要。我们对受限恒星与未约束恒星运动学的对比研究表明,贫金属凸起至少包含两个群体;那些局限于穿过内部星系的方形/花生核和晕星。我们得出结论,我们采用的轨道分析方法对于了解内部区域贫金属恒星的复合性质很重要。我们对受限恒星与未约束恒星运动学的对比研究表明,贫金属凸起至少包含两个群体;那些局限于穿过内部星系的方形/花生核和晕星。我们得出结论,我们采用的轨道分析方法对于了解内部区域贫金属恒星的复合性质很重要。
更新日期:2021-01-04
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