Our planet’s biosphere, comprising all living beings and their interactions, is experiencing unprecedented changes. Within a few decades, we could face entirely new climates, and radically altered species compositions and distributions, forming novel networks of biotic interactions. To date, however, most studies have focused on ecosystems under low levels of invasion and turnover. As novel networks are expected to function differently with the level of invasion and turnover, we have yet to see whether the loss of an entire functional guild from an ecological interaction network can be supplanted by introduced species alone. This work (1) provides a step into unchartered waters through investigating species’ roles in a highly invaded novel ecosystem. The volcanic island of O’ahu in the Hawaiian archipelago is inhabited by one million residents and is frequented by many tourists each year. It is also the newfound home for many introduced species. According to this 3-y study of nearly 3,500 fecal samples and 5,000 camera trapping images over seven sites (1), the seed dispersal network on O’ahu has been found to be taken over entirely by novel interactions between introduced birds and introduced plants, amounting to 93% of all observed events, with the rest also comprising novel interactions between introduced and native species (Fig. 1)—with no interactions being found between native birds and native plants. Species assemblages on O’ahu were also found to be composed predominately of introduced species (Fig. 1). It is evident that the entire function of seed dispersal by frugivorous birds in this insular ecosystem has been taken over by introduced species, with the red-billed leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea, and the pigeonberry Rivina humilis serving as network hubs. This calls for a genuine dialogue on how to manage such novel ecosystems (2) and guide the public perception on ecological novelty from biological invasions and …

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引入的物种塑造了岛状互惠网络[评论]

包括所有生物及其相互作用的地球生物圈正在经历着前所未有的变化。在几十年内，我们可能会面临全新的气候，物种组成和分布会发生根本变化，从而形成新的生物相互作用网络。但是，迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在入侵和周转率较低的生态系统上。由于新的网络预计会随着入侵和周转的程度而发挥不同的作用，因此我们还没有看到是否可以仅通过引入的物种来弥补生态相互作用网络中整个功能协会的损失。这项工作（1）通过调查物种在高度入侵的新型生态系统中的作用，为进入未知水域迈出了一步。夏威夷群岛瓦胡岛的火山岛上有100万居民，每年都有许多游客光顾。它也是许多引进物种的新居。根据这项为期3年的研究，对七个地点的近3500个粪便样本和5,000个摄像头捕获的图像进行了研究（1），发现欧阿胡岛上的种子传播网络完全被引进鸟类和引进植物之间的新型相互作用所取代，占所有观察到事件的93％，其余的还包括引进物种与本地物种之间的新型相互作用（图1）-在原生鸟类和原生植物之间没有发现相互作用。还发现瓦胡岛上的物种集合主要由引进物种组成（图1）。显然，在这个岛状生态系统中，食肉类鸟类传播种子的全部功能已被引入的物种所接管，其中红嘴柳莺，Leiothrix lutea和杨梅Rivina humilis成为网络枢纽。这就要求就如何管理这种新颖的生态系统进行真正的对话（2）并引导公众对由于生物入侵和...