Glucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs globally due to their potent anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Although they have positive effects on the treatment of various disease states; long‐term administration is associated with high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. The heart attempts to cope with increased blood pressure and a decrease in glucose utilization by developing pathological cardiac remodeling. However, in this process, cardiac fibrosis formation and deterioration in heart structure and functions occur. Galectin‐3, a member of the β‐galactoside binding lectins, is consistently associated with inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of various disease states including insulin resistance and heart failure. Galectin‐3 expression is markedly increased in activated macrophages and a subset of activated fibroblasts and vascular cells. Also, failing and remodeling myocardium show increased Gal‐3 expression and elevated Gal‐3 levels are related to heart failure severity and prognosis. Furthermore, Gal‐3‐related pathways are recently suggested as therapeutic targets both pharmacologically and genetically to increase insulin sensitivity in vivo. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of our current understanding of the role of glucocorticoid‐associated insulin resistance, which is important for some cardiac events, and the potential role of galectin in this pathophysiological process.

中文翻译：

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半乳凝素-3在糖皮质激素治疗期间对心脏重构的随访中的可能价值

糖皮质激素因其强大的抗炎和免疫抑制特性而成为全球处方最多的药物之一。尽管它们对各种疾病的治疗都有积极作用；长期给药与高血压，胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病易感性有关。心脏试图通过发展病理性心脏重塑来应对血压升高和葡萄糖利用减少的问题。然而，在该过程中，发生心脏纤维化的形成以及心脏结构和功能的恶化。Galectin-3是β-半乳糖苷结合凝集素的成员，在各种疾病状态（包括胰岛素抵抗和心力衰竭）的发病机理中，始终与炎症和纤维化相关。Galectin-3的表达在活化的巨噬细胞以及活化的成纤维细胞和血管细胞的一部分中显着增加。此外，心肌衰竭和重塑显示Gal-3表达增加和Gal-3水平升高与心力衰竭的严重程度和预后有关。此外，最近有人建议将与Gal-3相关的途径作为药理和遗传学上的治疗靶点，以提高体内胰岛素敏感性。这篇综述的目的是概述我们目前对糖皮质激素相关的胰岛素抵抗的作用的认识，这对于某些心脏事件很重要，以及半乳糖凝集素在这种病理生理过程中的潜在作用。心肌衰竭和重塑显示Gal-3表达增加和Gal-3水平升高与心力衰竭的严重程度和预后有关。此外，最近有人建议将与Gal-3相关的途径作为药理和遗传学上的治疗靶点，以提高体内胰岛素敏感性。这篇综述的目的是概述我们目前对糖皮质激素相关的胰岛素抵抗的作用的认识，这对于某些心脏事件很重要，以及半乳糖凝集素在这种病理生理过程中的潜在作用。心肌衰竭和重塑显示Gal-3表达增加和Gal-3水平升高与心力衰竭的严重程度和预后有关。此外，最近有人建议将与Gal-3相关的途径作为药理和遗传学上的治疗靶点，以提高体内胰岛素敏感性。这篇综述的目的是概述我们目前对糖皮质激素相关的胰岛素抵抗的作用的认识，这对于某些心脏事件很重要，以及半乳糖凝集素在这种病理生理过程中的潜在作用。