Cisplatin is a highly cytotoxic anticarcinogenic drug used to treat several kinds of solid tumors such as liver tumors. With the increase in the incidences associated with hepatic tumors and a lack of selectivity of cisplatin to cancer cells, it is important to explore new therapeutic strategies against them. The present study was designed to verify the ability of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to improve the hepatotherapeutic effect of cisplatin against DENA‐induced hepatic tumors and to declare its ability to reduce the renal toxicity induced by cisplatin. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 20): Group (A)—negative control and group (B)—model of hepatocellular tumor induction. After 4 months, each group was subdivided into four subgroups as the following: Group (1) received normal saline, Group (2) was treated by cisplatin, Group (3) was treated by GNPs, Group (4) was treated by GNPs–cisplatin conjugates. Our results revealed a marked elevation in liver and kidney function tests and oxidant levels with a reduction in antioxidant levels in the DENA‐administrated group. Remarkable histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue sections were observed and confirmed by the overexpression of the immunohistochemical staining of placental glutathione S‐transferase, Hep Par 1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Noticeable improvements in all the measurable toxicological parameters were recorded in the group treated with either GNPs or GNPs–cisplatin conjugate not observed in the group treated with cisplatin. We can conclude that GNPs not only improve the distribution of cisplatin, targeting it to the site of tumors, but it also reduces the renal toxicity induced by cisplatin, which are the primary concerns in cancer therapy.

中文翻译：

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基于顺铂结合的金纳米颗粒的药物递送系统，可靶向肝肿瘤

顺铂是一种高度细胞毒性的抗癌药物，用于治疗多种实体瘤，例如肝肿瘤。随着与肝肿瘤相关的发病率的增加以及顺铂对癌细胞的选择性缺乏，探索针对它们的新治疗策略是重要的。本研究旨在验证金纳米颗粒（GNP）改善顺铂对DENA诱导的肝肿瘤的肝治疗作用的能力，并宣布其降低由顺铂诱导的肾脏毒性的能力。将40只雄性Wistar大鼠分为两组（n = 20）：组（A）-阴性对照组，组（B）-肝细胞肿瘤诱导模型。4个月后，将每个组分为以下四个亚组：（1）组接受生理盐水，第（2）组用顺铂治疗，第（3）组用GNP治疗，第（4）组用GNP治疗–顺铂结合物。我们的结果显示，DENA给药组的肝肾功能测试和氧化剂水平显着升高，而抗氧化剂水平降低。胎盘谷胱甘肽S-转移酶，Hep Par 1和增殖细胞核抗原的免疫组织化学染色过表达，观察到并证实了肝和肾组织切片中明显的组织病理学改变。GNPs或GNPs-顺铂结合物治疗组在顺铂治疗组中未观察到所有可测毒理学参数的显着改善。我们可以得出结论，GNPs不仅可以改善顺铂的分布，使其靶向肿瘤部位，还可以降低顺铂引起的肾脏毒性，这是癌症治疗中的主要问题。