Metritis in dairy cows is classified as a puerperal disease that affects all layers of the uterine epithelium and occurs during the first 21 days after parturition. The objectives of this study were to identify potential predictive biomarkers of metritis, to monitor the biochemical profile of pre-metritic dairy cows, and to evaluate the reproductive performance of dairy cows with metritis. Fifty-five cows without metritis and fifteen cows that showed clinical signs of metritis were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected at −21, −14 and − 7 days before calving and at parturition and assayed for urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol, fibrinogen, total calcium, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. Serum fibrinogen on 21, 14 and 7 days prepartum and at parturition was the strongest discriminator between metritic and control cows. Moreover, metritic cows had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and calcium and higher (P < 0.05) serum AST, GGT activities, and serum fibrinogen, BHB and NEFA concentrations when compared to control cows. The number of days to first ovulation, insemination, services per pregnancy and days to pregnancy were greater (P < 0.05) for metritic cows than the control group, and the follicle size was smaller (P < 0.05) for metritic cows than the control group. Our results indicate alterations in the biochemical profile of dairy cows with metritis and the negative impact on the reproductive performance of metritic cows raised in tropical conditions. In addition, this study showed that the serum fibrinogen could be used as screening biomarkers to indicate cows that might have metritis during the postpartum period.

奶牛的子宫炎被划分为产褥期疾病，会影响子宫上皮的所有层，并在分娩后的头21天发生。这项研究的目的是确定子宫炎的潜在预测性生物标志物，监测子宫发育不良的奶牛的生化特征，并评估患有子宫炎的奶牛的生殖性能。本研究招募了55例无子宫炎的母牛和15例显示子宫炎的临床体征的母牛。在产犊前和分娩前的第-21，-14和-7天收集血液样本，并测定尿素，肌酐，天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST），γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT），总胆固醇，血纤蛋白原，总钙，β-羟基丁酸酯（BHB）和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）浓度。血清纤维蛋白原21 产前和分娩前14天和7天是子宫母牛和对照母牛之间最强的鉴别力。此外，子宫肥大的母牛的体型较低（ 与对照牛相比 ，尿素，肌酐，胆固醇和钙的浓度P <0.05）以及较高的血清AST，GGT活性以及血清纤维蛋白原，BHB和NEFA浓度（P <0.05）。 子宫内膜炎母牛的首次排卵，授精，每次妊娠服务和妊娠天数比对照组大（P <0.05），并且卵泡大小较小（P <0.05）子宫肥大的母牛比对照组。我们的结果表明，患有子宫炎的奶牛生化特征发生变化，并对在热带条件下饲养的子宫炎的奶牛的繁殖性能产生负面影响。此外，这项研究表明，血清纤维蛋白原可用作筛选生物标志物，以指示产后期间可能患有子宫炎的母牛。