Domain-specific modelling languages defined by extending or constraining the Unified Modelling Language (UML) through the profiling mechanism have historically relied on graphical notations to maximise human understanding and facilitate communication among stakeholders. Other notations, such as text-, form-, or table-based are, however, often preferred for specific modelling purposes, due to the nature of a specific domain or the available tooling, or for personal preference. Currently, the state of the art support for UML-based languages provides an almost completely detached, or even entirely mutually exclusive, use of graphical and textual modelling. This becomes inadequate when dealing with the development of modern systems carried out by heterogeneous stakeholders. Our intuition is that a modelling framework based on seamless blended multi-notations can disclose several benefits, among which: flexible separation of concerns, multi-view modelling based on multiple notations, convenient text-based editing operations (inside and outside the modelling environment), and eventually faster modelling activities.

In this paper we report on: (i) a proof-of-concept implementation of a framework for UML and profiles modelling using blended textual and graphical notations, and (ii) an experiment on the framework, which eventually shows that blended multi-notation modelling performs better than standard single-notation modelling.

过去，通过概要分析机制扩展或约束统一建模语言（UML）定义的特定于域的建模语言一直依赖于图形符号来最大化人类的理解并促进利益相关者之间的交流。但是，由于特定域或可用工具的性质，或者出于个人喜好，通常出于特定的建模目的，通常首选基于文本，表单或表格的其他符号。当前，对基于UML的语言的最新技术支持提供了图形和文本建模的几乎完全分离的，甚至是完全互斥的使用。当处理由不同利益相关者进行的现代系统的开发时，这变得不足。

在本文中，我们报告：（i）使用混合的文本和图形表示法对UML和概要文件建模的框架进行概念验证，以及（ii）在该框架上进行的实验，最终表明混合的多标记法建模的性能优于标准的单符号建模。