The P-Cable technology is an acquisition principle for high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution 3D seismic data. Many 3D seismic datasets have been acquired over the last decade, but the application in time-lapse studies for monitoring of CO₂ storage is a new and intriguing topic. High-resolution 3D (HR3D) seismic has the potential to detect and monitor CO₂ leakage at carbon capture and storage sites with higher accuracy at depths ∼0−2 km below the seafloor compared to more traditional conventional seismic time-lapse data. Here, we synthesize and evaluate research on detection of subsurface CO₂ movement using the P-Cable system and address the comparative advantages and disadvantages of conventional and HR3D technologies for subsurface fluid migration monitoring. Studies on P-Cable 4D seismic data show good repeatability (NRMS, 10–40 %), indicating a future monitoring potential. Analysis of detection limits of CO₂ data from a CO₂ storage site show the ability to detect very small amounts of CO₂ (1.3–10.6 t; 3.3–27.4 % gas saturation) in the shallow subsurface. These detection limits are ∼30−300 times smaller than the detection limits of conventional seismic data at similar depths. We conclude that the P-Cable acquisition system can be a valuable monitoring tool in detecting small leakages and can complement conventional seismic data monitoring of the deeper interval.

P电缆技术是高分辨率和超高分辨率3D地震数据的采集原理。在过去的十年中，已经获得了许多3D地震数据集，但是在延时研究中监测CO ₂储存的应用是一个新的有趣的话题。与更传统的常规地震时移数据相比，高分辨率3D（HR3D）地震具有在海床以下约0-2 km的深度处以更高的精度检测和监视碳捕获和储存地点的CO ₂泄漏的潜力。在这里，我们综合并评估了地下CO _2的检测研究使用P-Cable系统进行运动，并解决了常规和HR3D技术在地下流体迁移监测中的相对优缺点。对P电缆4D地震数据的研究显示出良好的可重复性（NRMS，10–40％），表明了未来的监测潜力。对来自CO ₂储存站点的CO ₂数据的检测极限的分析表明，能够检测非常少量的CO ₂（1.3-10.6吨； 3.3-27.4％的气体饱和度）在浅地下。这些探测极限比相似深度的常规地震数据的探测极限小约30-300倍。我们得出的结论是，P电缆采集系统可以作为检测微小泄漏的有价值的监测工具，并且可以补充对较深层段的常规地震数据监测。