Transition metal oxide materials have attracted the attention of researchers due to their advantages, but their development is hindered by structural instability, a small specific surface area and low electrical conductivity [1,2]. Porous carbon materials are often used in combination with transition metal oxide materials since they can produce a synergistic effect [3]. However, the interfacial properties of electrode materials have an important influence on the energy storage characteristics. In this paper, two types of composites were prepared by using three-dimensional graphene foam (3DGF) and three-dimensional porous carbon (3DPC) as the carbon matrix and Co-MOFs as the precursor. The effect of microstructure and contact interfaces on electrochemical properties was analyzed. Besides, non-equilibrium energy band models were established according to the metal semiconductor contact theory and molecular orbital theory, and the carbon-semiconductor and electrode-electrolyte contact interfaces were studied from the energy storage perspective based on the non-equilibrium carrier concentration distribution during battery cycling. Compared with the precursor conversion type (Pcver) 3DGF/Co₃O₄, the precursor continuation type (Pctin) 3DPC/Co/CoO had better interface compatibility since the energy band at the semiconductor side of the electrode-electrolyte interface bent more slightly. What’s more, the porous channel structure of the Pctin type 3DPC/Co/CoO electrode material endowed it with better cycle stability and more diversified lithium insertion modes. In summary, the Pctin type composite could improve the cycle stability of the electrode and the lithium intercalation model. This study provided insights into the structure design and interface analysis of electrode materials under the non-equilibrium state.

过渡金属氧化物材料由于其优点而备受研究人员的关注，但由于结构不稳定，比表面积小和导电率低而阻碍了它们的发展[1,2]。多孔碳材料经常与过渡金属氧化物材料结合使用，因为它们可以产生协同作用[3]。然而，电极材料的界面性质对能量存储特性具有重要影响。本文以三维石墨烯泡沫（3DGF）和三维多孔碳（3DPC）为碳基体，以Co-MOFs为前驱体制备了两种复合材料。分析了微观结构和接触界面对电化学性能的影响。除了，根据金属半导体接触理论和分子轨道理论建立了非平衡能带模型，并基于电池循环过程中非平衡载流子浓度分布，从能量存储的角度研究了碳-半导体和电极-电解质的接触界面。 。与前体转化类型（Pcver）3DGF / Co相比_如图3 O _4所示，前体连续型（Pctin）3DPC / Co / CoO具有更好的界面相容性，这是因为电极-电解质界面的半导体侧的能带稍微弯曲。而且，Pctin型3DPC / Co / CoO电极材料的多孔通道结构使其具有更好的循环稳定性和更多样化的锂插入模式。综上所述，Pctin型复合材料可以改善电极的循环稳定性和锂嵌入模型。这项研究为非平衡状态下电极材料的结构设计和界面分析提供了见识。