This paper proposes a new method to optimize the scheduling of off-grid systems composed of solar panels, batteries, and diesel generators in real time. The approach takes into account the load and irradiance forecasted values for the near future to determine the optimal power generation and the operation of the different energy sources which achieve the lowest cost while fulfilling the provided constraints. A real-time simulator is employed to run the simulations with a high degree of accuracy to further validate the obtained results as well as to analyze the grid quality parameters (frequency, voltage, and harmonics). To validate the effectiveness of the proposed forecast-based approach, the performance from two benchmark algorithms commonly applied in these systems are also estimated. The final results reveal that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve 5% cost savings with respect to the benchmark approaches while still fulfilling the grid quality constraints. The proposed method can then be applied for real off-grid systems to further enhance their performance.

本文提出了一种新方法，可以实时优化由太阳能电池板，电池和柴油发电机组成的离网系统的调度。该方法考虑了不久的将来的负荷和辐照度预测值，以确定最佳的发电和不同能源的运行，这些能源在满足所提供的约束的同时实现了最低的成本。使用实时模拟器以高精度运行模拟，以进一步验证所获得的结果以及分析电网质量参数（频率，电压和谐波）。为了验证所提出的基于预测的方法的有效性，还估算了通常在这些系统中应用的两种基准算法的性能。最终结果表明，相对于基准方法，所提出的算法能够节省5％的成本，同时仍然满足网格质量约束。然后，所提出的方法可以应用于实际的离网系统，以进一步提高其性能。