Faced with a growing sense of urgency to combat climate change, environmental policy is increasingly turning to alternative policy instruments. One method for boosting green behaviour among individuals rooted in applied behavioural economics is loss framing - transforming existing messages so that they emphasise the potential negative consequences of an action or inaction on the environment. This paper provides a systematic review of the existing body of evidence on framing effects in pro-environmental decisions. Based on an analysis of 61 studies captured in 47 distinct papers we find that real behaviour has been largely neglected as an outcome variable, with preference in the literature given to the measurement of self-reporting constructs such as attitudes, willingness to pay and behavioural intentions. In support of the loss aversion hypothesis, loss framing was found to be more or equally effective in all studies examining behaviour and intentions, though gain framing was more successful where the choices taken required lower commitment, namely attitudes. We provide an analysis of other loss framing success factors and draw policy- and research implications.

面对日益强烈的应对气候变化的紧迫感，环境政策越来越多地转向替代政策工具。植根于应用行为经济学的个人中增强绿色行为的一种方法是损失定帧-转换现有消息，以便他们强调对环境采取行动或不采取行动的潜在负面后果。本文提供了有关环境决策中框架效应的现有证据的系统综述。根据对47篇不同论文中进行的61项研究的分析，我们发现实际行为已被很大程度上忽略为结果变量，文献中偏向于衡量自我报告结构的测量，例如态度，支付意愿和行为意图。为了支持损失厌恶假设，在所有研究行为和意图的研究中，损失框架被认为具有同等效力，尽管在采取的选择要求较低承诺（即态度）的情况下，收益框架更为成功。我们提供了其他损失成帧成功因素的分析，并得出了政策和研究的意义。