Phosphorus (P) is essential for all living things and an integral part of food production. However, significant amounts of P are functionally lost when wastewater byproducts, such as biosolids or sewage sludge incinerator ash (SSA), are not beneficially reused. Around 20% of sewage sludge produced in the US is incinerated and nearly 25% of sewage sludge is incinerated in European Union member countries. SSA contains significant amounts of P (up to 14% total P) and other beneficial elements but is typically sent to landfills for disposal. However, SSA has also been explored as one method of capturing and redirecting P back into the food system. Research investigating SSA characterization, P availability, and contaminant concentrations and behavior in soil is required to understand the effects of SSA land application on soil chemical properties and crop production. Several approaches for recovering P from SSA have been investigated that consider these factors. Ultimately, the opportunity for land application of SSA depends on the individual characteristics of a given SSA, ex. total P and contaminant concentrations, and the requirements and regulations of the region where it is produced and applied. In this review, we address the history of P recovery from SSA and discuss research regarding characterization, contaminants, P availability, and land application of SSA.

磷对所有生物都是必不可少的，是食品生产不可或缺的一部分。但是，当废水副产品（如生物固体或污水污泥焚烧炉灰（SSA））没有得到有益的再利用时，会大量损失P的功能。在美国，约有20％的污水污泥被焚化，而在欧盟成员国中有近25％的污水污泥被焚化。SSA含有大量的P（最高占P的14％）和其他有益元素，但通常会送到垃圾填埋场处置。然而，SSA也已被用作捕获P并将其重定向回食品系统的一种方法。研究SSA表征，磷的可用性，并需要土壤中的污染物浓度和行为来了解SSA土地施用对土壤化学性质和农作物产量的影响。考虑到这些因素，已经研究了几种从SSA中回收P的方法。最终，SSA土地应用的机会取决于给定SSA的个性特征。磷和污染物的总浓度，以及生产和使用磷的区域的要求和规定。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了从SSA回收磷的历史，并讨论了有关SSA的特征，污染物，磷的有效性和土地利用的研究。